中式自我的理论发展现状与特点

• 作者： 王振东 ^1,2 李抗 ³ 魏新东 ² 史娟 ² 汪凤炎 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  上海中医药大学中医学院
  2.  南京师范大学心理学院
  3.  周口师范学院教育科学学院
• 通讯作者： 汪凤炎  Email:fywangjx8069@163.com
• 提交时间：2023-10-20

摘要: 自我是人格心理学和社会心理学中的一个重要研究主题。自文化心理学兴起以来，构建契合中国社会、历史与文化特质的中国文化自我理论，成为了众多中国本土心理学者努力的目标。这些探讨中式自我的理论或模型可区分为个体-集体取向的自我理论、差序格局取向的自我理论以及源生模型取向三大类。厘清中式自我的理论发展轮廓和脉络，有助于多方位、立体性地理解中式自我观的丰富内涵，为进一步研究中式自我奠定坚实基础。

Abstract: The self is an important concept in the research of personality psychology and social psychology. Since the rise of cultural psychology in recent decades, many Chinese indigenous psychologists are involved in constructing a Chinese self-theory that fits the characteristics of Chinese society, history, and culture. The existing Chinese self-theories or self-models can be divided into three categories: individualism/ collectivism oriented Chinese self-theories, differential pattern oriented Chinese self-theories, and protogenetic symbol oriented Chinese self-theories.The individualism/ collectivism oriented Chinese self-theories inherited from the individualism/collectivism dimension in culturology, in the same line with the self-construal theory that divided the cultural self-construal into the independent self and interdependent self, which emerged from the comparison with the western mainstream modern civilization. The most representative individualism/ collectivism oriented Chinese self-theories include the four-part theory of Chinese self proposed by Yang Kwo-Shu, the dual-cultural self-theory suggested by Hong Ying-Yi, and the composite self-theory proposed by Lu Luo. These theories generally nested the individual orientation and social orientation, and the independent self and interdependent self to construct the modern Chinese self that is now expanding into a multicultural convergence theory of the self.The differential pattern oriented Chinese self-theories developed from Fei Xiao-Tongs differential pattern theory, which described the Chinese traditional social structure. From a psychological point of view, the differential pattern of social form is a kind of internalized psychological differential pattern, the connotation of which is that under the premise of individual-centeredness, other people around the individual are given different values and meanings and pulled into the concentric circles of self-identity, forming a self-centered form with differential order. On this basis, Yang Chung-Fang, Yang Yi-Yin, Zhai Xue-Wei, and so on, made further development. These theories lean in the direction of sociological research, focusing on the extrapolation of the Chinese self in the context of ethical structures and social relations.The protogenetic symbol oriented Chinese self-theories took a different approach and tried to construct a theory or model of the Chinese self by using typical symbols or illustrations with symbolic meanings in traditional Chinese culture, the most representative of which are the Mandala model of self proposed by Hwang Kwang-Kwo and the Taiji model of self proposed by Wang Feng-Yan et al.The theoretical research of the Chinese self has shown the features: (1) the self theories have grown from nothing and expanded from one-way to diversified; (2) the self theories have developed from imitation to innovation; and (3) the tools to research about the self are gradually diversified, but the theory and empirical studies still need to be further combined. An understanding of the outline of the developmental process of the Chinese self-theories will help to understand the rich connotation of the Chinese self-view and lay a solid foundation for further research on the Chinese self.

• 来自： 王振东
• 分类： 心理学 >> 心理学其他学科
• 投稿状态： 已被期刊接收
• 引用： ChinaXiv:202310.03276 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202310.03276V2)
  doi:10.12074/202310.03276
  CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202310.03276.V2
• 推荐引用方式： 王振东,李抗,魏新东,史娟,汪凤炎.(2023).中式自我的理论发展现状与特点.中国心理学预印本平台.[ChinaXiv:202310.03276] (点此复制)