分类： 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09
摘要： This paper explores the frontiers of large language models (LLMs) in psychology applications. Psychology has undergone several theoretical changes, and the current use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning, particularly LLMs, promises to open up new research directions. We provide a detailed exploration of how LLMs like ChatGPT are transforming psychological research. It discusses the impact of LLMs across various branches of psychology, including cognitive and behavioral, clinical and counseling, educational and developmental, and social and cultural psychology, highlighting their potential to simulate aspects of human cognition and behavior. The paper delves into the capabilities of these models to emulate human-like text generation, offering innovative tools for literature review, hypothesis generation, experimental design, experimental subjects, data analysis, academic writing, and peer review in psychology. While LLMs are essential in advancing research methodologies in psychology, the paper also cautions about their technical and ethical challenges. There are issues like data privacy, the ethical implications of using LLMs in psychological research, and the need for a deeper understanding of these models' limitations. Researchers should responsibly use LLMs in psychological studies, adhering to ethical standards and considering the potential consequences of deploying these technologies in sensitive areas. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of LLMs in psychology, exploring potential benefits and challenges. It serves as a call to action for researchers to leverage LLLs' advantages responsibly while addressing associated risks.
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2021-01-15
摘要： Objective: Given that the coronavirus pandemic has become a severe concern around the world, how can optimism be maintained in an outbreak of a collective epidemic? We proposed that perceived control and negative affect could be potential explanatory factors for optimism in the face of pandemic. Methods & Results: In Study 1, a large-scale (N = 599) cross-sectional design (N = 599) showed the effect of risk perception on life optimism and the serial mediating effect of “perceived control–negative affect” through structural equation modeling. Then, Study 2 (N = 191) ascertained the causality between risk perception for epidemic and life optimism with experimental manipulations. Finally, Study 3 (N = 186) controlled for extrinsic variables and further revealed that the effect of risk perception on optimism could be extended to overall subjective well-being. Conclusions: Together, these findings indicated that under influenza epidemic, risk perception could make a difference in life optimism. Moreover, perceived control and negative affect were notable contributing factors in the link. Measures strengthening the publicity and transparency of recovery rates should be taken to reduce public risk perceptions and promote life optimism.
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2020-10-19
摘要： Our current work seeks to provide direct evidence on whether Chinese international students’ experiences studying abroad promote dialectical thinking. We collected behavioral data from 258 Chinese international students studying in multiple regions. We found that when primed with studying abroad (relative to traveling abroad, their hometown culture and a control condition), participants were more likely to show tolerance for contradiction, meaning that they deemed both sides of contradictory scientific statements as convincing and rated them more favorably. Therefore, it is plausible that Chinese international students’ experiences studying abroad promote their dialectical thinking regardless of their host culture. More work is needed to further this line of research by 1) extending these effects with other measures of dialectical thinking, 2) adopting differing paradigms to provide more robust findings, and 3) understanding how experiences studying abroad may promote dialectical thinking.
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2018-03-09
摘要： It has been demonstrated that visual attention is guided by information actively maintained in working memory (WM). However, it remains unknown whether other operations (e.g. inhibition) on WM contents influence selective attention. This issue was investigated in a visual search task where WM contents with either operation (maintenance or inhibition) appeared as distractors in the search display. Behavioral results showed that search performance was slowed down for presenting the maintained contents, but speeded up for the inhibited contents. These results suggested an operation-directed selection of WM contents that visual attention was distinctively influenced by contents with different operation. These observations were further confirmed by the indexes of event-related potentials (ERPs). The inhibited WM contents were suppressed at sensory gating stage (i.e., suppressed P1 amplitude), while the maintained WM contents guided visual attention (i.e., enhanced N2pc amplitude). It seems that results from ERPs and behavior are integrated. The maintained contents guided visual attention that hindered performance of searching a target, while the inhibited contents screened attention that facilitated target searching in the other space. Besides, P3 component indexing updating of WM, which revealed comparable latency both for the maintained and the inhibited WM contents, but with longer latency than the neutral contents. These results suggested that the WM contents with distinct operations were expelled from the focus of executive attention after the onset of the search task, which might be necessary for the WM contents influencing selective attention. The current study reveals that operations of WM contents distinctively affect early selective attention to the matching contents, which sheds some light on the interaction between WM and visual attention.
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