Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2024-04-04
Abstract： Teachers often experience inattentional blindness towards off-seat behavior during classroom management, which poses the question: is there a specific attentional advantage area for teachers in detecting such behavior? One study used cartoon images to prove that teachers’ detection does indeed have a location effect. However, it needs to take into account the elements of the real-world scenarios, including three-dimensional features, background and action. The present study aims to explore the impact of seating location factors (row, center versus periphery and each location) on teachers’ detection of off-seat behavior within real classroom scenarios through two experiments. This study carried out an inattentional blindness test with classroom management tasks. The final sample consisted of 230 teachers from special schools. Participants needed to face a computer screen where student seats were arranged in a three-row by three-column pattern. They were tasked to identify who raised their hands and pointed out their locations. The unexpected occurrence involved the disappearance of one student positioned in different seats throughout the task. All participants were randomly divided to nine experimental locations. The study employed a static IB task akin to self-study (Experiment 1) and a dynamic IB task modeled after interactive teaching as material (Experiment 2), both based on real classroom contexts. The results revealed that teachers do indeed have a certain attentional advantage area when it comes to detecting off-seat behavior: 1. Row effect was observed stably in both scenarios with off-seat behavior of students in the front rows being more readily detected. 2. The central inhibitory effect was noted only in static situation, not dynamic ones. In static condition, students with off-seat behavior were more likely to be detected when seated peripherally rather than centrally. 3. There was a significant correlation in detection rates among the same teachers across the two experiments, with teachers’ performance in the second experiment not being influenced by expectations set by the first. These findings indicated: 1. The inattentional blindness of individual teachers to students’ off-seat behavior is relatively stable. 2. Front row seating is more detectable for the teachers to notice the “missing student.” 3. In the static situation teacher should avoid arranging students prone to off-seat behavior in central area. The study extends the research paradigm of the IB test in educational settings. Moreover, it provides scientific basis for teachers to strategically arrange seating plans, especially for students with special needs.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The ultimatum game is commonly used to examine fairness-related economic decision making, and the trade-off between fairness preferences and self-interest is assumed to determine whether individuals reject or accept unfair offers. With respect to the dual-system theory, there are controversial understandings on whether fairness preferences result from the automatic response in System 1 or the deliberation processes in System2. Our study discussed such controversy from three aspects of this theory, including theoretical hypotheses, influential factors, and neural mechanisms. The automatic negative reciprocity hypothesis and the social heuristics hypothesis contend that fairness preferences are automatic, whereas the controlled-processing hypothesis contends that fairness preferences are products of deliberation process that suppresses self-interest motivation. System 1 identifies and evaluates fairness via anterior insula, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; while System 2 reassesses and adjusts System 1 to make the final decision via dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, and left dorsolateral PFC. Individual differences and experimental task characteristics may affect individuals’ automatic responses in System 1. Future research need to further improve the experimental paradigm; explore the moderators within the dual system and its neural network.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Biomedical approaches to study depression focus on the explanation and intervention of the proximate cause of depression by exploring specific pathogenic genes and neuropathological mechanisms, while the theoretical medical studies of the origin of depression discuss the ultimate historical cause of depression, mainly through theoretical reasoning based on empirical results. Those theories can be classified into three perspectives. First is the evolutionary adaptation perspective, which suggested that depression originates from the adaptive mechanisms coping with evolutionary pressure, represented by the social adaptation hypothesis and the individual adaptation hypothesis. Second is the functional disorder perspective, which assumes that depression originates from the dysfunction of normal moods and emotions, represented by the mismatch explanation and gene distribution explanation. Third is the social culture perspective, which believed that depression originates from social-cultural constructed concepts, represented by the social-cultural construction viewpoint and knowledge development viewpoint. There are different tendencies of the meaning and essence of depression under three perspectives, either of essentialism or constructivism. Theoretical integration and evidence base are needed for developing more comprehensive interpretation frameworks.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Individuals experiencing early life stress (ELS) are at a higher risk of mental/behavioral disorders such as depression and violence, the difficulties of emotion regulation might be one of the underlying mechanisms. ELS individuals use maladaptive strategies (such as avoidance and rumination) more frequently than normal individuals. And most of the studies found that ELS impaired the ability of emotion regulation. However, moderate ELS may enhance the ability of emotion regulation. Besides, emotion regulation moderated the relationship between ELS and mental/behavior disorders. Furthermore, we explored the neural mechanisms of how ELS influences emotion regulation. Finally, we made a summary and pointed out future directions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Visual search is a ubiquitous task and a critical skill for men and animals. Existing studies on visual search mainly focus on attentional guidance and the top-down cognitive influences on search effectiveness. The bottom-up influence on visual search is, rather crudely, simplified as objects’ image saliency. However, when searching in real world, where the observer and/or objects move, both static image information (the saliency of which has been considered in existing search models) and dynamic optic flow information are available. Optic flow is generated by the relative motions between an observer and world objects. So by detecting flow patterns, observers get to know the kinematic properties of events (which is defined as objects in motion) and hence perceive the physical properties of constituent objects, such as the mass, size and frictional coefficient etc.. These physical properties distinguish objects and allow the observer to search for a particular one. We integrate dynamical perceptual information (i.e. optic flow) into existing search models and in two studies, we test how combined dynamical and static perceptional information affect visual search for three-dimensional objects and for moving people, when the observer is stationary or moving. Furthermore, we attempt to develop a training protocol that improves search effectiveness in real world. Findings from this project will bring forth new theories for understanding visual search in real world, and have direct applications on personnel training and intelligent search designs.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The eradication of poverty is a top priority for developing countries and the most important goal of the Millennium Development Goals all over the world. Behavioral economists and development economists are employing the randomized control trials and nudge techniques to help the poor get rid of poverty within the globe. The current nudge action that uses randomized control experiments to help poor people overcome behavioral deviations is mainly manifested in helping poor people improve their current material conditions and enhance future security. The research and practice of random control experiments and nudging technologies in China have also effectively helped poor farmers improve their physical and mental health, and economic income. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the external validity test of randomized control experiments and nudging techniques, the similarities and differences among them, and combine with the endogenous power of poverty alleviation to formulate more simple, efficient, and strict poverty alleviation policies and projects.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： With the service industry growing rapidly to contribute to about 60% of the world’s GDP, improving customer service quality with high service performance (in-role performance and proactive customer service performance) is critical for service organizational development. Previous research has linked employee service performance with a variety of potential antecedents, such as individual difference factors and organizational factors from resource, identification, and motivation perspectives. Surprisingly, we know little about how customer positive behaviors (e.g., customer-initiated support) might affect employees’ service performance. This is a critical gap to fill because customers have substantial power and impact on front-line service employees through frequent direct interactions with them during service delivery. Drawing on the self-verification theory, the present study aimed to examine the effect of customer-initiated support on employee service performance (in-role performance and proactive customer service performance) and explore the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and the moderating roles of promotion focus and internal locus of control. We collected three-wave time-lagged data from 652 nurses nested within 139 department supervisors. In the first-wave survey (T1), employees reported perceived customer-initiated support, their promotion focus, internal locus of control, proactive personality, and demographic variables. In the second-wave survey (T2), employees who had completed first wave questionnaires were asked to rate their organizational-based self-esteem. In the third wave survey (T3), employees’ supervisors were asked to report the employees’ service performance, including in-role performance and proactive customer service performance. Results from multilevel modeling analysis showed that: (1) customer-initiated support was positively related to employee organization-based self-esteem; (2) organization-based self-esteem was positively related to employee in-role performance and proactive customer service performance; (3) employee organization-based self-esteem mediated the relation between customer-initiated support and employee in-role performance and proactive customer service performance; (4) promotion focus strengthened the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem, such that the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem is stronger for employees with higher promotion focus; (5) internal locus of control weakened the relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem, such that the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem is weaker for employees with higher internal locus of control. Our findings contribute to literature in several ways. First, we contribute to the service performance literature by identifying customer-initiated support as a potential antecedent. Second, this study uncovers the potential mechanism of customer-initiated support’s impact on employee service performance from the self- verification perspective, which broadens previous research from resources, identification, and motivation perspectives. Third, this study confirms the moderating roles of promotion focus and internal locus of control, which contributes to the understanding of under what conditions the effect of customer-initiated support will be stronger.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-12-03
Abstract： Competence frustration refers to the feelings of inadequacy or failure. A growing number of the new generation of knowledge workers are experiencing short-term or long-term competence frustration. After their experience of competence frustration, what is going on the knowledge worker’s motivation in the subsequent task. If the experience of competence frustration has a positive effect on the subsequent work, how can we reinforce it? If the experience of competence frustration makes negative consequences, how can we avoid or restore it? Existing researches fails to clearly answer these questions. Based on the self-determination theory, this study is intended to uncover the intertemporal effect of competence frustration on one’s autonomy motivation by integrating different approaches (e.g., behavioral experiment, cognitive neuroscience experiment and field experiment). In addition, this study will examine the effectiveness of intervention strategies such as developmental feedback and autonomous support from both the organizational perspective, as well as changing one’s achievement orientation from the individual perspective. The findings of the present study will extend our knowledge on competence frustration and autonomous motivation. They will provide important guidance for managers to intervene competence frustration, and help employees to cope with competence frustration and boost their autonomous motivation. " "
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-08-21
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-04-24
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-19
Abstract： The outbreak of the COVID-19 in Wuhan China has characterized as a "pandemic" by WHO as the virus spreads increasingly worldwide. As the worst public health incident since new millennium, the COVID-19 is severely threatening human's health and lives. At the same time, the epidemic of COVID-19 has also caused worry and panic among the affected people. A series of chain reactions caused by this negative emotion will further aggravate the destructiveness of the epidemic of COVID-19. Therefore, providing psychological and social support to the people affected by the epidemic event and meeting their psychological and social needs can effectively help the affected people to gradually resume normal social life, improve satisfaction and comfort, and get them out of the epidemic as soon as possible. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out,“The current situation of epidemic prevention and control is severe and complicated. Some people have anxiety and fear. Publicity and public opinion work must be strengthened to guide people to increase their confidence, strengthen their confidence, and focus on stabilizing the public’ s mood.” This study explored the impact of the public's epidemic risk perception on their protective behavior, and the mediating role of social trust and coping efficacy between the public's epidemic risk perception and protective behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19. The results found that:(1)The public's epidemic risk perception is at a moderately high level, and the public has taken proactive protective actions against the COVID-19. (2)The public's affective risk perception social support have a direct predictive effect on the protective behaviors of positive actions and the plan to solve. (3)The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a partial mediating role between affective risk perception and protective behavior; The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a complete mediating role between cognitive risk perception and protective behavior; The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a partial mediating role between social support and protective behavior.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-03-04
Abstract： This project aims to investigate psychological mechanisms of behavioral poverty trap in China, and hence put forward corresponding risk management strategies. For this purpose, we intend to draw on the new research paradigm in poverty study, which is initiated by behavioral economists, and recruit residents who live in extreme poor areas as participants. First, a framework concerning both the cognitive and motivational base of behavioral poverty trap is proposed as empirical and theoretical route of this project. Second, we analyze how cognitive outcomes of poverty psychologically and neurally affect subsequent decision behavior, as well as how both cognitive and motivational outcomes of poverty jointly influence subsequent decision behavior. In addition, the casual effect of psychological outcomes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior is empirically examined. Third, we further conduct randomized controlled experiments to understand the influence of cognitive changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior, as well as field intervention studies to test the effect of self-identity changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior. Based on these empirical researches, management strategies for poverty alleviation are discussed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-02-26
Abstract： " This project aims to investigate psychological mechanisms of behavioral poverty trap in China, and hence put forward corresponding risk management strategies. For this purpose, we intend to draw on the new research paradigm in poverty study, which is initiated by behavioral economists, and recruit residents who live in extreme poor areas as participants. First, a framework concerning both the cognitive and motivational base of behavioral poverty trap is proposed as empirical and theoretical route of this project. Second, we analyze how cognitive outcomes of poverty psychologically and neurally affect subsequent decision behavior, as well as how both cognitive and motivational outcomes of poverty jointly influence subsequent decision behavior. In addition, the casual effect of psychological outcomes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior is empirically examined. Third, we further conduct randomized controlled experiments to understand the influence of cognitive changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior, as well as field intervention studies to test the effect of self-identity changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior. Based on these empirical researches, management strategies for poverty alleviation are discussed. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2019-07-03
Abstract： In this study, 2909 data of the patients and 1555 data of the doctors collected nationwide were analyzed, found that the cumulative variance contribution value of sub-questionnaires Doctor-Patient Security (medical version/patient version), Doctor-Patient Satisfaction 1 (medical version/patient version), Doctor-Patient Satisfaction 2 (patient version), Doctor-Patient Tolerance (medical version/patient version), Doctor-Patient Attribution style (medical version/patient version) from “Doctor-patient Social Cognition” module and the subscales Health Concept (medical version/patient version) and the Disease Concept (medical version) from "Doctor-patient social value" module of Chinese Doctor-patient Social Mentality Questionnaire were all above 50%, and the Internal consistency coefficient were between 0.642 to 0.929, Χ2 / df were between 1.614 and 3.257, GFI is greater than 0.9, RMSEA is less than 0.7, shows that the sub-questionnaires mentioned above have good reliability and validity, can be used split or combined. At the same time, this study also found that the doctors and patients groups had great differences in the dimensionality division of the same questionnaire. In addition to the Doctor-Patient Attribution Style sub-questionnaire, the two groups had significant differences in all the dimensionality division, reflecting their respective characteristics.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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