Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2023-09-26
Abstract： The core feature of major depressive disorder, as defined in the DSM-5, is persistent emotional disturbances characterized by excessive sadness and drastically reduced pleasant emotional experiences. Recent research on emotion dynamics has emphasized that the emotion dysregulation in major depressive disorder goes beyond increased negative emotional intensity and decreased positive emotional intensity. It is also manifested as abnormal patterns of emotion dynamics. A total of 18 studies were included in this systematic review, which utilized ecological momentary assessment to explore everyday emotion dynamics in major depressive disorder. The key findings are as follows: (1) Patients with depression have greater negative emotion fluctuations compared with the healthy control group. These fluctuations were manifested as greater negative emotion variability and instability. (2) Depressed patients exhibit a rigid and inflexible emotional system, characterized by greater negative emotion inertia and denser emotion networks. (3) Depressed patients exhibit abnormalities in emotional reactivity. This is reflected as the mood brightening effect after positive events and greater negative emotion reactivity after negative events. (4) Patients with depression experience a decreased complexity in their emotional system. This is manifested as a lower level of emotion differentiation. Furthermore, patients with remitted depression also exhibit some degree of emotion dysregulation. This review is the first to comprehensively elucidate the primary features of emotion dysregulation in major depressive disorder from the perspective of emotion dynamics. These features provide potential intervention targets with high ecological validity for individualized treatment and relapse prevention of depression.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-04-20
Abstract： Theories of response inhibition have long held that only the response effector that interferes with the current task goal is inhibited during the implementation of response control. However, recent studies have suggested that inhibition occurs not only at the interfering response effector but also at the task-irrelevant and task-required response effectors. Moreover, inhibition occurs not only in response conflict tasks but also in tasks that involve response execution, i.e., global inhibition within the entire motor system. The dual-process model proposes that the inhibitory processes at different effectors are controlled by different brain areas, whereas the spot-light model proposes that they are controlled by a single system. The spot-light model is consistent with the normalization model in computational neuroscience. Global inhibition offers a new perspective for treating cognition as a coordinated and integrated process. Meanwhile, there are differing opinions regarding the condition in which global inhibition can be observed. Future studies should differentiate the response effectors during response control tasks, as well as use computational modeling to elucidate the coordinative mechanisms between multiple effectors and the computational mechanism of the motor cortex. Future studies should also examine the relationship between dysfunctional global inhibition and response control deficits in populations with mental disorders.
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