Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2023-12-11
Abstract： Growth mindset, the belief that one’s abilities can be improved through effort and learning, has attracted much attention from researchers in personality, social and developmental psychology. Thanks to large-scale surveys and randomized controlled field experiments around the world, growth mindset research has entered a new era of interdisciplinary, international and generalizable intervention research. However, as more evidence emerges, researchers have also noticed that the effects of growth mindsets vary across different situations. To address the issues of replicability and generalizability, mindsets × context theory proposes that growth mindsets are more beneficial when individuals face challenges or threats (vulnerability) and when the environment supports their learning and growth (psychological affordance). These insights offer new directions for designing and implementing growth mindset interventions. Future research should further investigate the mechanisms of psychological affordance and vulnerability, and develop tailored intervention programs for different groups, so that growth mindset interventions can effectively promote individual development and solve educational problems.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-01-04
Abstract：
Social essentialism is an intuitive theory about social categories. It implies that members of one social category share unobservable intrinsic characteristics that determine their membership and generate observable similarities between them.There are numerous studies showing that social essentialism contributes to prejudice based on race, gender, and class. but also reduces prejudice against obesity, homosexuality and criminals. In forced social categories where stability cues are strong (e.g. race, gender, and class), social essentialism leads people to believe that differences between groups are hard to change, thus increasing prejudice by discounting environmental explanations. In chosen social categories where controllability cues are strong (e.g. obesity, homosexuality, criminals), social essentialism leads people to believe that the stigmatized identities of some group members are uncontrollable, thus reducing prejudice by discounting chosen explanations. For future research, it would be useful to examine how social essentialist beliefs emerge, develop and ultimately lead to different outcomes, and from there, to develop systematic, sustained, and effective interventions aimed at eliminating prejudice and promoting harmony within society using scientific psychological solutions.
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