Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-08-15
Abstract： Uncommon personal names have become increasingly popular in many countries and cultures over the past decades. However, little is known about the causes. We propose that the emphasis on uniqueness, manifested both as a cultural value at the macro level and as an individual need at the micro level, may account for the widely observed increase in unique-naming practices. We tested these hypotheses in China. Study 1 found that the increasing cultural emphasis on uniqueness (rather than on independence or competition), as a Granger cause, explained the increasing name uniqueness. Study 2 revealed that the increasing individual need for uniqueness (rather than narcissism or self-esteem) explained the higher preference for unique baby names among younger than older generations. Study 3 showed that, in actual naming practices, younger parents emphasized name uniqueness (rather than modernity, positivity, or other features) more than older cohorts. These findings convergently support our hypotheses, highlighting the importance of identifying specific mechanisms underlying psychological and behavioral changes, rather than assuming the rising individualism as a general explanation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2022-03-19
Abstract：
Objective: The bodily expressive action stimulus test (BEAST) is developed to provide a set of standardized emotional stimuli for experimental investigations of emotion and attention, and the consistency has been validated in adult populations abroad. However, the consistency of this test in Chinese population is unclear. To this end, 42 images of each category of emotion (happiness, sadness, fear and anger) were selected from 254 images of the original stimulus set to further examine the consistency of the BEAST in Chinese population.
Methods: Thirty-one Chinese college students and 41 Chinese preschool children participated in this study. All of them were asked to complete an emotion recognition and judgment task.
Results: Results showed that adults had a high degree of consistency in rating these pictures, while the children's consistency was at a medium level. For adults, sadness was the easiest to recognize, followed by fear, anger and happiness were the hardest to recognize. For children, fear was the easiest to recognize, anger and sadness were second, and happiness was also the hardest to recognize. At the same time, adults were more accurate in identifying happiness and sadness than children. For adults, they were more likely to confuse positive emotions with negative emotions. They tended to mistake sadness, fear and anger for happiness. For children, they were more likely to identify sadness as fear and happiness. And they also tended to recognize anger as fear.
Limitations: Fear and anger emotional pictures are suitable in children aged about 5 whereas the applicability of sadness and happiness, especially happy emotional pictures are not ideal.In the picture materials can be improved, and the body posture pictures conveying happiness and sadness can be re-shot in combination with the actual life situation of Chinese people. Meanwhile, children in the lower years of primary school can be selected for exploration.
Conclusions: These results indicate that the recognition performance of BEAST images for Chinese and Western adults are roughly the same, however, under the same cultural context, the recognition performance of adults and children are very different, and generally the recognition accuracy rate of adults is higher than that of children.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
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