Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-04-29
Abstract： Exploring the process of individual risk perception on medical information from the perspective of information processing. The influencing factors of risk perception on medical information are categorized into three aspects, namely, the source of medical information, the content and form of medical information, and the subject of information processing. The cognitive mechanism of individual risk perception on medical information was discussed based on experience-analysis processing theory and verbatim-gist processing theory. This study recommends increased attention to balancing the general and specific studies of risk perception on medical information. Moreover, the standard and specific measurements should be combined, and research in the context of China’s medical system should be expanded. Furthermore, a series of theoretical and empirical research should be developed, and preventive measures and evidence-based supporting policies must be established. "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-04-29
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-28
Abstract： Self-control refers to the ability of individuals to consciously control their impulsive behaviors in order to achieve long-term interests. The dual-systems model proposes that the self-control system includes an impulsive system and a reflective system, which can be used to analyze the internal structure of criminals’ low self-control. The impulsive system in criminals is thought to predominantly use behavioral schemata related to crime, while their reflective system is too weak to suppress impulsive behaviors. With the impulsive system activated and the reflective system insufficiently activated, the criminals will likely fail to self-control and subsequently commit crime. To investigate the mechanism of the self-control system in criminals, more integration of the existing studies on the basis of the dual-systems model is needed. It is also necessary to explore the application of the dual-systems model in intervention and psychological correction for prisoners. In addition, juveniles who are susceptible to crime require special attention.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-28
Abstract： Shame is a self-conscious emotion that plays an important role in individual behaviour and personal psychological development. Shame is also a significant moral emotion in traditional Chinese culture and is a major way that Chinese people examine themselves and their own behaviours. There are two opposing views on the value of shame. In other words, is shame a constructive or a destructive emotion? Theoretical models include: (1) Shame as a destructive emotion includes models of social self-threat and shame adjustment and so on. (2) Shame as a constructive emotion includes those models of evolutionary psychology as well as the functionalist perspective. Both views on shame are supported by a large number of empirical studies. In order to examine the concept of shame systematically and comprehensively, this paper proposes a dual-pathway structural model with the goal of improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying shame-induced behaviours. In our study, we highlight the critical role of social self-threat and the need to repair social self-image. Future studies are needed to develop more objective and comprehensive measures of shame and take account of the cultural factors that influence social self-healing. More objective analyses are needed to help people understand the interpretation of shame as experienced by those from different cultural backgrounds. Thus, more targeted interventions can be proposed and facilitate the constructive transformation of the potentially destructive consequences of individual shame. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-04-28
Abstract： Semantic cognition is an important part of language systems, and thus the exploration of its development mechanism and the underlying neural mechanism is of great significance to reveal the development and cognitive mechanism of human languages. This paper focuses on the acquisition, development and aging of semantic cognition, and further explores the mechanism of aging in semantic cognition and related neural mechanism based on systematic elaboration of lexica-semantic acquisition and the development of semantic cognitive ability and strategy. Finally, discussions were made on the differences between children and adults in semantic cognition, syntactic and semantic cognitive aging, and the influencing factors of aging.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-04-27
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> History of Psychology submitted time 2020-04-27
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-04-25
Abstract： Language evolution is an important issue of evolutionary psychology. Mirror System Hypothesis, Tool-making Hypothesis and Teaching Hypothesis explain the relationship between hand action and language evolution from different perspectives. All three hypotheses agree that human language originates from the experience of hand movements. Relevant empirical researches found that sign language and spoken language have some common features, language and hand movements share common neural circuits, gesture development can predict the level of language ability, and gesture can enhance the transmission efficiency of knowledge about tool making. These studies provide empirical support for specific inferences of above three hypotheses. Future research in this field needs to focus on the evolutionary relationship between sign language and spoken language, as well as the relationship between human language and other cognitive characteristics.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-25
Abstract： Exercise behavior theory based on rational decision making is regarded as the dominant framework for understanding physical activity, which provides valuable information on cognitive constructs linked to physical activity. Behavioral interventions based on social ecological model have attracted much attention due to its better performance. However, recent studies show that exercise benefits cognition and current sport environment do not promote the formation of individual exercise habit, so it is necessary to explore a new theoretical framework to clarify the formation mechanism of individual exercise habit. The latest framework for explaining physical activity is dual system model, which promises to provide a broader perspective on motivation by considering the non-conscious and hedonic determinants of physical activity. Multiple representative dual system models associated with physical activity, on the one hand, from simple spontaneous path to context cues and exercise habit, and then to complex concept model highlighting the role of automatic affective evaluations, the construct of system 1 is elaborated. Combined with system 2, which is concerned by exercise behavior theory, they offer a basis on how to build dual system model for physical activity. On the other hand, through analysis of the principle for competitive, cooperative and hierarchical control of dual systems, proposals are provided for the control of dual system model. Canonical reinforcement learning framework explains the principle for construct and control of dual system model: in terms of construct of the model, model-free and model-based reinforcement learning represent system 1 and system 2, respectively. In terms of control of the model, Dyna cooperative architecture and hierarchical reinforcement learning provide a reasonable explanation for physical activity is more likely to be a complex combination of actions which is hierarchically operated with a cooperative form than competitive control. Finally, the exerciser-sport environment interaction in reinforcement learning is put forward to explore exercise behavior from a brand-new perspective.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-04-24
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-04-22
Abstract： How to optimize entrepreneurial behavior and thus improve the quality of entrepreneurship is of central interest for both academics and practitioners. As a salient characteristic of entrepreneurial behavior is its dynamic match with external environment, research attention shifting from a focus on static entrepreneurial behavior to tracking dynamic changes in entrepreneurial behavior is warranted. In this study, we posit that behavior is simultaneously influenced by personality, cognition, and environment, and explore how an entrepreneur’s narcissism affects his/her behavioral change and following performance. Further, we investigate how narcissism interacts with experience in affecting behavioral change and its performance implications across different cognitive contexts and business environments. Our findings contribute to the research on entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial psychology, as well as accumulate knowledge on how to help entrepreneurs understand themselves and improve their ability of decision making.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> History of Psychology submitted time 2020-04-20
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-04-19
Abstract： Timely diagnostic feedback is helpful for students and teachers, enabling them to adjust their learning and teaching plans according to a current diagnosis. Motivated by the practical concern that the simultaneity estimation strategy currently adopted by longitudinal learning diagnosis models does not provide timely diagnostic feedback, this study proposes a new Markov estimation strategy, which follows the Markov property. A simulation study was conducted to explore and compare the performance of four estimation strategies: the simultaneity, the Markov, the anchor-item, and the separated estimation strategies. The results show that their performance was highly consistent, and they presented in the following relative order: simultaneity > Markov > anchor-item ≥ separated. Overall, although accuracy in parameter estimation is sacrificed slightly with the proposed strategy, it can provide timely diagnostic feedback to practitioners, which is in line with the concept of “assessment for learning” and the needs of formative assessment. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-19
Abstract： The outbreak of the COVID-19 in Wuhan China has characterized as a "pandemic" by WHO as the virus spreads increasingly worldwide. As the worst public health incident since new millennium, the COVID-19 is severely threatening human's health and lives. At the same time, the epidemic of COVID-19 has also caused worry and panic among the affected people. A series of chain reactions caused by this negative emotion will further aggravate the destructiveness of the epidemic of COVID-19. Therefore, providing psychological and social support to the people affected by the epidemic event and meeting their psychological and social needs can effectively help the affected people to gradually resume normal social life, improve satisfaction and comfort, and get them out of the epidemic as soon as possible. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out,“The current situation of epidemic prevention and control is severe and complicated. Some people have anxiety and fear. Publicity and public opinion work must be strengthened to guide people to increase their confidence, strengthen their confidence, and focus on stabilizing the public’ s mood.” This study explored the impact of the public's epidemic risk perception on their protective behavior, and the mediating role of social trust and coping efficacy between the public's epidemic risk perception and protective behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19. The results found that:(1)The public's epidemic risk perception is at a moderately high level, and the public has taken proactive protective actions against the COVID-19. (2)The public's affective risk perception social support have a direct predictive effect on the protective behaviors of positive actions and the plan to solve. (3)The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a partial mediating role between affective risk perception and protective behavior; The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a complete mediating role between cognitive risk perception and protective behavior; The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a partial mediating role between social support and protective behavior.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-04-17
Abstract： Honest behavior is a fundamental aspect of economic and social life. Although many countries have been committed to promoting civil honesty, there are still many dishonest behaviors that act as barriers to the development of society, such as broken promises, unenforced contracts and corrupt governments. In recent years, much research has been performed on the factors influencing people’s honest behaviors, such as social norms and emotions; however, these factors do not exist every time. The purpose of the current research was to explore how weather and air pollution influence honest behavior. We hypothesized that sunny weather would increase people’s honest behavior. In contrast, we hypothesized that air pollution would promote dishonest behavior. Two studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. In Study 1, we used second-hand experimental data published online. Cohn, Marécha, Tannenbaum and Zünd conducted field experiments to test the relationship between civil honesty and money worldwide, and the research was published in Science in 2019. They measured whether recipients contacted owners to return wallets. Weather and air pollution data, however, were not analyzed in their research. Considering the availability and different standards of many countries’ air pollution data, we used Chinese and American experimental data (N=1400) and corresponding weather and air quality indexes to test the hypotheses. In Study 2, we used a quasi experiment to test the influence of weather and air pollution on honest behavior. We randomly left campus cards and money in classrooms before class and recorded the weather and air pollution conditions at three Chinese universities (N=407). In addition, we used whether recipients took the campus card or money as an indicator of honest behavior. Moreover, different kinds of classes were included in this study since previous research indicated that different classes might affect students’ honest behavior. The results of Study 1 indicated that participants were more likely to contact the owner to return the wallet during sunny weather than during cloudy weather. In addition, air pollution also affected the participants’ honest behavior. The results indicated that the more serious the air pollution was, the less likely it was that people would voluntarily return the wallets. Study 2 further replicated this result and suggested that participants were more likely to take the campus card or money under cloudy weather and air pollution conditions. There was no significant difference among the classes in terms of honest behavior in this study. In conclusion, sunny weather promotes honest behavior, but air pollution reduces honest behavior.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-04-14
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-06
Abstract： Brand name is significant brand equity. It plays a vital role in delivering brand value, building brand image and highlighting brand characteristics. Previous research found that the semantic and phonetic features of a brand name would influence consumers’ perception and preference. From the perspective of baby schema, we examine the effect of repeated two-syllable brand name on consumers’ brand perception(physical perception and psychological perception) and consumers’ attitude, and also verify the mechanism and boundary of the effect. More specific expositions are as follows: (1) examining the effect and mechanism of repeated two-syllable brand name on consumers’ physical perception, psychological perception and attitude;(2) verifying the moderating effect of the internal phonetic feature and the external cuing feature between the repeated two-syllable brand name and consumers’ perception;(3) verifying the moderating effect of product type and consumers’ feature between the repeated two-syllable brand name and consumers’ attitude.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-05
Abstract： Emotional and behavior problems including anxiety, depression, withdrawal, and attack are commonly occurred among adolescents. The perceptiveness and attitude of parents to their children’s emotional reaction, which is defined as the parental meta-emotion philosophy (PMEP), can affect the regulation of children's emotional and behavior problems. These influences are also distinct as the individual physiological factors. However, several questions are still understudied. Previous studies ignored the effect of father's meta-emotional philosophy on individual behavior problems. Domestic studies payed close attention to the preschool or school-age children other than to adolescent group. No conclusion was drawn on the relationship between parental emotional coaching and the externalizing problems of adolescents. Whether the relationship was affected by other regulatory factors need further analysis. The role of PMEP, on the other hand, may also vary in different cultures. In the current study, we attempt to explore the relationship between the PMEP and adolescents’ behavior problem and investigate the influence of adolescents’ vagus nerve function on this relationship. 224 adolescents aged from 12 to14 recruited from a middle school of Yinchuan and their parents were selected in the current study. The MP150 (16 channels) physiological multichannel apparatus was firstly used to record adolescents’ breathing and heart rate during the resting period and the mental arithmetic period. The baseline vagal tone and vagal suppression in task period were then calculated. Participants and their parents were asked to fill in questionnaires to measure the behavior problems of adolescents and the PMEP after the physiological measurement. The physiological data were analyzed offline using Acqknowledge software (version-4.3), and the physiological data and questionnaire data were imported into SPSS 20.0 for statistical analysis. Results and conclusions were as follows: (1) PMEP can predict adolescents' behavior problems: the more emotion coaching mothers have, the less internalizing and externalizing problems adolescents have; the more emotion dysfunction mothers have, the more internalizing and externalizing problems adolescents have; the more emotion noninvolvement mothers have, the more externalizing problems adolescent have; the more emotion coaching fathers have, the less internalizing problems adolescents have; the more emotion dysfunction fathers have, the more externalizing problems adolescents have. (2) PMEP in adolescents' problem behaviors is regulated by the vagus nerve: when adolescent's vagal tone was low, the more emotion noninvolvement the mothers have, the more externalizing problems adolescents have; when adolescent's vagal suppression was low, the more emotion dysfunction mothers have, the more internalizing and externalizing problems of adolescents.; When adolescents’ vagal suppression was low, the more emotion dysfunction fathers have, the more externalizing problems adolescents have. In summary, the rise of individual behavior problem is not only due to the effect of single factor, but also due to the result of the interaction between the outside and individual factors. It is suggested that we should investigate the occurrence and development of the individual behavior problems from the multiple perspectives of physical, psychological and social factors.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-04-03
Abstract： Gawronski et al. (2017) developed a CNI model to measure an agent’s norms sensitivity, consequences sensitivity, and generalized inaction/action preferences when making moral decisions. However, the CNI model presupposed that an agent considers consequences—norms—generalized inaction/action preferences sequentially, which is untenable based on recent evidence. Moreover, the CNI model generates parameters at the group level based on binary categoric data. Hence, the C/N/I parameters cannot be used for correlation analyses or other conventional research designs. To solve these limitations, we developed the CAN algorithm to compute norms and consequences sensitivities and overall action/inaction preferences algebraically in a parallel manner. We re-analyzed the raw data of Gawronski et al. (2017) to test the methodological predictions. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the C parameter is approximately equal between the CNI model and CAN algorithm; (2) the N parameter under the CNI model approximately equals N/(1 – C) under the CAN algorithm; (3) the I parameter and A parameter are reversed around 0.5 – the larger the I parameter, the more the generalized inaction versus action preference and the larger the A parameter, the more overall action versus inaction preference; (4) tests of differences in parameters between groups with the CNI model and CAN algorithm led to almost the same statistical conclusion; (5) Parameters from the CAN algorithm can be used for correlational analyses and multiple comparisons, and this is an advantage over the parameters from the CNI model. The theoretical and methodological implications of our study were also discussed."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-04-02
Abstract： The innovation process can be conceptualized as encompassing two stages: idea generation and idea implementation. However, to date, more early research has been focused on the idea generation stage, and these two subfields still remain stubbornly disconnected from one another. To integrate these two disparate subfields and advance our comprehensive understanding of the innovation process, the current study relied on self-determination theory and Yale attitude change approach to examine the effect of intrinsic motivational orientation of idea generators on idea quality, and further tested the effect of idea quality, rewards of the idea generators, and their interaction on idea implementation. To test the hypotheses in the proposed model, we collected data from 251 idea generators, 7 idea evaluators and the manager of an innovative proposal project at 3 different time points in a large financial company. In the first wave, 440 ideas proposed by 440 idea generators were recorded. In the second wave, all of the idea generators were invited to complete a questionnaire, including demographic information and intrinsic motivational orientation, and the number of valid questionnaires was 251; moreover, 7 in-house experts assessed the idea generators and the quality of each idea. Approximately six months later, the manager of this project reported the implementation degree of all of the ideas. Our hypotheses were examined using SPSS 22.0. By analyzing the multi-time and multi-source data, it was found in this study that: (1) intrinsic motivational orientation of the idea generators has a significantly positive effect on idea quality; (2) idea quality further facilitates idea implementation; (3) rewards of the idea generators positively influence idea implementation; and (4) idea quality and rewards of the idea generators interact to predict idea implementation.The findings presented here contribute to innovation literature in the following ways. First, this study tracks the innovation process from idea generation to idea implementation, bridging the theoretical divide between creativity research and idea implementation research. Second, this study clarifies the positive effect of intrinsic motivational orientation on idea quality, which is a beneficial supplement to, and promotion of the existing research on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity. Third, Yale attitude change theory is introduced into idea implementation research, which not only expands the application scope of this theory, but also enriches theoretical perspectives of idea implementation research.
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