分类： 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间： 2023-05-12
摘要： 身体经验和条件关乎社会发展和人类的幸福体验，然而以往研究在COVID-19对消极身体意象的影响上尚未达成一致。为了探究COVID-19与消极身体意象的真实关系，本研究构建了消极身体意象词典，从海量微博数据中获取2010年1月至2022年5月中国31个省/市/自治区的身体意象面板数据，比较了疫情前后不同年份间消极身体意象水平的差异，并探究了疫情严重程度对消极身体意象的影响关系。结果发现，疫情爆发后，消极身体形象水平显著下降，并在两年内保持稳定。且在控制区域效应和时间效应后，新冠疫情的严重程度能够负向预测消极身体意象水平。本研究表明，在封锁期间，群众可能出于对死亡的恐惧和生活习惯的改变更容易接纳身体外观。研究结果对从宏观层面理解重大公共卫生事件影响下的大众身体意象的变化有重要意义。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2023-03-27 合作期刊: 《心理学报》
摘要： 关注新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间的心理援助热线咨询师由共情带来的消极和积极影响及机制, 并探究从消极影响转变为积极成长的内在机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究以国内疫情期间, 776名在教育部华中师范大学心理援助热线平台上工作的咨询师(平均年龄42.57岁, 平均咨询经验12.44年)为研究对象, 使用问卷法测量热线心理咨询师的共情、正念、寻求意义、继发性创伤应激(Secondary Traumatic Stress, STS)和替代性创伤后成长(Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, VPTG)。采用潜变量结构方程模型进行分析, 结果发现：(1)咨询师的共情正向预测STS和VPTG; (2) 正念在共情和STS间起部分中介作用, 寻求意义在共情和VPTG间起部分中介作用; (3) 共情还可以分别通过STS、STS-寻求意义、正念-STS、正念-STS-寻求意义的中介路径对VPTG起正向预测作用。该结果提示要辩证看待共情带来的消极和积极影响, 关注从消极反应到积极成长的转变, 这不仅能够深化共情及其影响的理论, 还能为相关研究应用提供启示。
分类： 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间： 2022-10-18
摘要： 疫情对整个人类社会带来巨大影响，也深深影响到当代大学生。新冠疫情发生后，大学生生活发生了巨大的改变。疫情下政策的不断调整，封校等行为导致大学生交往与休闲活动被限制，大学生情绪出现了波动。这种复杂的情绪反应，传统的量表都不能完全反应出其忽高忽低的反复性情绪。大学生是疫情防控的重点、难点。目前针对大学生疫情心态认知及其影响的研究欠缺，使得对于大学生群体的疫情防控方法缺乏针对性。大学生属于群体生活，心态具有社会和群体属性，其形成和变化涉及多种因素。它不是个人心态的简单累积和机械叠加。民众心理健康测量（DASS）更倾向于负性情绪严重时的测量，不能完全表达疫情好转时的积极心态。SCL-90（90症状清单），SDS（抑郁状态量表）都更倾向于个体测量，而非民众风险认知及其心理行为研究。针对大学生疫情心态认知测量方法缺乏，我们经过研究，编制新冠疫情下心态认知量表并检验。研究对于疫情下大学生心态认知有着积极的意义。准确把握大学生疫情心态认知，有利于进行科学的疫情防控，助力打赢抗击疫情这场战争。
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间： 2021-05-25
摘要： 关注新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间的心理援助热线咨询师由共情带来的消极和积极影响及机制，并探究从消极影响转变为积极成长的内在机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究以国内疫情期间，776名在教育部华中师范大学心理援助热线平台上工作的咨询师(平均年龄42.57岁，平均咨询经验12.44年)为研究对象，使用问卷法测量热线心理咨询师的共情、正念、寻求意义、继发性创伤应激(Secondary Traumatic Stress, STS)和替代性创伤后成长(Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, VPTG)。采用潜变量结构方程模型进行分析，结果发现：（1）咨询师的共情正向预测STS和VPTG；（2）正念在共情和STS间起部分中介作用，寻求意义在共情和VPTG间起部分中介作用；（3）共情还可以分别通过STS、STS—寻求意义、正念—STS、正念—STS—寻求意义的中介路径对VPTG起正向预测作用。该结果提示要辩证看待共情带来的消极和积极影响，关注从消极反应到积极成长的转变，这不仅能够深化共情及其影响的研究，还能为相关研究应用提供启示。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2021-01-15
摘要： Objective: Given that the coronavirus pandemic has become a severe concern around the world, how can optimism be maintained in an outbreak of a collective epidemic? We proposed that perceived control and negative affect could be potential explanatory factors for optimism in the face of pandemic. Methods & Results: In Study 1, a large-scale (N = 599) cross-sectional design (N = 599) showed the effect of risk perception on life optimism and the serial mediating effect of “perceived control–negative affect” through structural equation modeling. Then, Study 2 (N = 191) ascertained the causality between risk perception for epidemic and life optimism with experimental manipulations. Finally, Study 3 (N = 186) controlled for extrinsic variables and further revealed that the effect of risk perception on optimism could be extended to overall subjective well-being. Conclusions: Together, these findings indicated that under influenza epidemic, risk perception could make a difference in life optimism. Moreover, perceived control and negative affect were notable contributing factors in the link. Measures strengthening the publicity and transparency of recovery rates should be taken to reduce public risk perceptions and promote life optimism.
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2020-03-27
摘要： 当个体知觉到环境中存在威胁时，就会自动的引发个体的应激反应。而长期的应激会使个体产生一系列严重的心理和身体健康问题。大量的研究发现肯定自我价值可以缓冲由应激引发的负面情绪和身体反应。本研究通过实验的方法考察了肯定自我价值是否可以降低新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情引发的焦虑和抑郁情绪反应。220名被试被随机分配到自我价值肯定任务组或控制任务组，被试在干预前(2月2日)和一个星期后(2月9日)完成焦虑和抑郁测量。研究结果发现相对于控制组在一周后比前测时表现出更严重的焦虑情绪，自我价值肯定组在前测和一周后在焦虑情绪上没有显著的变化，这一效应在控制了性别、年龄、受教育水平和家庭年收入后仍然存在。这些结果表明简短的(约10分钟)对自我价值的反思可以帮助个体缓冲疫情引发的焦虑情绪反应。这一发现对于从社会心理的视角进行疫情防护提供了重要的科学证据。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2020-03-04
Zheng JIN
Kaibin ZHAO
Yanyu XIA
Ruijun CHEN
Huan YU
Timothy TAMUNANG TAMUTANA1
Jeffrey SHERMAN
Christina BERMEITINGER
Pamela BAESS
摘要： The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected more than 90,000 people in at least 69 countries by Feb 29, 2020. Medical interest in COVID-19 has been considerable. Mental health issues that coincide with the epidemics are rarely examined. There is a strong need for public health officials to consider how psychological effects vary at each phase of a crisis and how they relate to people to better support them in these shifting states of mind. The present study examines temporal relationships among behavioral and emotional responses towards COVID-19 and attitudinal responses to crisis management. 846 adults were invited to complete a set of Internet-based questionnaires at two time points with a range of 14 to 18 days’ intervals covered by the ascending phase of the outbreak. At the baseline assessment 788 adults completed the questionnaires. At the Wave 2 survey, 318 adults from Wave 1 were retained. Results from cross-lagged models demonstrated reciprocal negative associations between anxiety and crisis management appraise. In addition, the higher evaluation of crisis management in the initial period of outbreak predicted adoption of preventive behaviors and susceptibility to emotional contagion to a greater extend in a later period. Susceptibility to emotional contagion also positively predicted preventive behaviors taken. Furthermore, multiple group structural equation modeling revealed that evaluation of crisis management is more likely to affect the susceptibility to emotional contagion of people on the frontline of the outbreak (i.e., Wuhan) compared to people living in moderate risk areas (i.e., Outside of Hubei). These data provide experimental evidence regarding mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak, and over the course of a pandemic, which will direct governments and health authorities during disease outbreaks through their attempts to communicate with the public.
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 分类： 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间： 2020-02-29
摘要： We noticed an unusual increase of first-time patients with schizophrenia (F20) in January 2020 since the outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this retrospective study is to validate this observation and find potential risk factors, if applicable. A total number of 13,783 records from outpatients in January 2020 were investigated thoroughly. Comparisons between incidence of schizophrenia in outpatients in January 2020 and similar periods of 2017-2019 were made to minimize seasonal influence. Relationship of incidence of schizophrenia and COVID-19 infections in China was calculated. Limited personal information (age, gender, approximate residence) was analyzed to find risk factors.After excluding seasonal factors such as Spring festival, a positive relationship between incidence of schizophrenia in first-time patients and countrywide epidemic situation was found. Statistical results further showed a significant increase of median age from 39 to 50 for first-time patients diagnosed with schizophrenia which is unusual. Meanwhile, a slight but not significant change was found in distribution of gender and approximate residence (urban/suburb). Our data supported that COVID-19 outbreak increased risk of schizophrenia in aged adults which is consistent with the fact that COVID-19 is more lethal to elders. We strongly appeal that public healthcare in countries either with or without infected patients should prepare in advance for potential risks in public mental health.
分类： 心理学 >> 医学心理学 分类： 医学、药学 >> 基础医学 提交时间： 2020-02-19
摘要： 目的：调查在COVID-19疫情发展至中期状态下全国不同地区居民心理状态。方法：对全国不同地区3340位居民进行了抑郁自评量表（Self-Rating Depression Scale, SDS）、焦虑自评量表（Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SAS）、社会支持评定量表（Social Support Rate Scale, SSRS）及疾病认知调查与分析。结果：抑郁（40.89±10.901）和焦虑（38.35±8.298）平均分与常模比较轻度升高（P ＜ 0.05），但无临床意义（抑郁评分＞53；焦虑评分＞50），湖北地区群众与非鄂地区相比，抑郁和焦虑得分未见明显差异。SSRS评分各组平均分均＞30分，但低龄组小于高龄组（P ＜ 0.05）。疾病认知评分，医学组高于非医学组，低龄组高于高龄组（P ＜ 0.05）。相关性分析结果提示认知与焦虑和抑郁评分呈负相关（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：在党和人民政府的领导下，抗“疫”战争已经取得了阶段性的胜利，广大人民群众，特别是湖北地区居民的焦虑和抑郁情绪得到了一定程度的缓解，但仍较非疫情期间略有升高。社会群众，特别是老年群众对疾病认知还相对不足，需要社区及医务人员进一步进行普及，充分认识疾病可能是消除焦虑和抑郁的有效手段。
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