Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： The sensory dominance is a phenomenon in which the brain selectively processes specificsensory information when presented with multisensory inputs, thereby enhancing humanperception of external stimuli. Previous studies have discussed the sensory dominance atperceptual and response levels. However, how the intermediate processing level betweenperceptual and response levels affects the sensory dominance remains unknown. Therefore, thepresent study adopted the cross-modal 2-1 mapping paradigm and manipulated object categoriesthrough three studies to investigate the role of the intermediate processing level on sensorydominance in cross-modal conflict. In this paradigm, based on key mapping, cognitive processing levels can be defined intopreresponse level (included perceptual and semantic levels) and response level. The differencebetween the audiovisual incongruent condition and the audiovisual congruent condition was calledthe conflict effect, and the sensory dominance can be obtained by comparing the conflict effect ofattention to vision and auditory. Experiment 1 manipulated the degree of difference in objectcategories to explore its impact on sensory dominance. Experiments 1a~c involved animal objects(small differences), tool objects (moderate differences), and animal and musical instrument objects(large differences), 30 participants were recruited for each experiment. Because visual picturesreach perceptual representation earlier, while auditory sounds reach semantic representation earlier. Therefore, Experiment 2 (34 participants) changed visual pictures into visual words on the basis ofExperiment 1c to explore effects of visual presentation way of object categories on sensorydominance. In Experiment 3 (20 participants), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) wasused on the left anterior temporal lobe, an important brain region responsible for processing objectcategories to further causally study effects of object category on the sensory dominance of theresponse level. The results of Experiment 1 showed that, no matter what the difference of object categories, at the preresponse level, the conflict effect of attention to auditory was significantly greater thanthat of attention to vision, that is, visual dominance. However, at the response level, visualdominance appeared when the object category difference was small (Experiment 1a), no sensorydominance was observed when the object category difference was moderate (Experiment 1b), auditory dominance appeared when the object category difference was large (Experiment 1c). Itwas found that the results of Experiment 2 and Experiment 1c were consistent, that is, auditorydominance, indicating that this behavior pattern was not affected by the bottom-up visualpresentation way. The results of Experiment 3 showed that under cathodal tDCS condition, thepreresponse level still showed visual dominance, but the response level no longer showed sensorydominance. This result showed that effects of object categories on the sensory dominance of theresponse level from the causal level. The mechanism of sensory dominance is still under investigation. The present study was firstto find that object categories affected the sensory dominance of the response level. Fromtheperspective of cognitive processing level, intermediate processing level played a regulating role inthe sensory dominance of the response level, enriching the explanatory theory of sensorydominance and providing a new perspective for the study of sensory dominance in cross-modalconflict.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-04
Abstract： This study explores the relationship between the content of anxiety dreams and emotional states, analyzing the connection between dream content characteristics and individual emotional states. A purposive and snowball sampling method was used to recruit 120 participants aged 18 to 35. Data were collected through dream diaries and the DASS-21 scale, and dream variables were assessed using the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire. The results showed that the frequency of anxiety dreams was significantly related to the participants’ daily emotional states, and dream tone and emotional intensity were also closely related to emotional states. High-frequency anxiety dreams and negative dream content may reflect individual emotional problems and potentially exacerbate anxiety and depressive symptoms. This systematic exploration of the relationship between anxiety dream content and emotional states provides new perspectives and foundations for understanding and improving individual mental health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-03
Abstract： According to China’s Internet development statistics report, young Internet users account for 28.4% among the 1.092 billion Internet users. Meanwhile, adolescent cyberbullying has also emerged, who are victims of cyberbullying at risk for depression, anxiety, and non-suicidal self-injury,In order to find intervention methods, researchers urgently need to broaden and deepen the understanding of adolescent cyberbullying./t/nBased on the general attack model, this study used network analysis to explore the network structure and gender differences of 3240 adolescents’ cyberbullying. At the same time, this study also explored the gender differences in the network structure between cyberbullying and trait anger of 1753 middle school students./t/nThe research results show that the network of adolescent cyberbullying contains 15 nodes, 75 non-0 edges, and the average weight is 0.06. Among them, “I often abuse others when playing online games” is the core symptom of adolescent cyberbullying. Besides, there are also gender differences in adolescent cyberbullying. The specific values of boys’ and girls’ networks in terms of overall intensity are 48.62 and 29.24 respectively, and boys are more inclined to direct aggression, while girls’ core symptom are more likely to relational aggression and indirect aggression. However, in both boys’ and girls’ network structures, I often abuse others when playing online games ranked first in the expected influence index./t/nThere are also gender differences in the network structure of adolescents’ cyberbullying and trait anger. In the network structure of girls, the expected influence index of I exclude some people on forum posts or social networking sites is the highest, while in the network structure of boys, the expected impact index of I intentionally divulge private information of others online is the highest. In addition, we found that the items of temperamental anger were more segmented from the overall network, while the items of reactive anger were more closely connected with the overall network.These findings expand our understanding of adolescent cyberbullying and the influence of trait anger on it as well as they provide suggestions for intervention of adolescent cyberbullying.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-02
Abstract： The relations of music and language pitch processing have been extensively investigated during these years. Based on the similarity of resource invocation of language and music processing, researchers believe that language and music processing have a common neurophysiological basis and the experience of the two fields can be transferred to each other. The transfer effect of the domain-general acoustical experience of processing has been validated by a large number of studies. However, in addition to domain-general acoustic resources, language processing also involves phonological resources specific to the language domain, such as the categorical perception of tones. Researchers pointed out that experience in language and music can also transfer at the level of domain-specific competence, revealing the transfer of training effect. To date, whether this kind of transfer effect in terms of the categorical perception of tones happens remains unclear. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the transfer of language and music experience in native Mandarin-speaking musicians in a bi-directional fashion./t/nThe present study used a 2 (group: musicians vs. non-musicians) × 2 (stimulus type: music vs. speech) between-and-within-subjects design. Sixty participants were involved in the current study, including thirty native Mandarin-speaking musicians and thirty native Mandarin-speaking non-musicians. The identification and discrimination tasks in the traditional categorical perception paradigm were adopted, in which the Mandarin T1-T2 tonal continuum from i ˥ to i˧˥ and its musical counterpart were constructed. The identification task required the participants to judge whether the stimulus in the continuum was T1 or T2, and the discrimination task asked participants to decide whether the two stimuli crossing two steps were the same or different./t/nSeen from the identification curve, musicians showed sharper and narrower categorical boundary compared to non-musicians. Both curves of musical stimuli and language stimuli yielded the typical pattern of categorical perception, i.e., the difference in identification rate between the two adjacent stimuli across the boundary was much larger than that between the two adjacent stimuli on both sides of the boundary. In the discrimination task, musicians showed enhanced within-category discrimination accuracy, between-category discrimination accuracy, and discrimination peakedness. Also, the discrimination accuracy of between-category stimuli units could be seen higher than that of within-category stimuli units, which could be interpreted as a typical pattern of categorical perception./t/nThe results showed that music experience could significantly enhance the phonological ability of native Chinese musicians, and their linguistic categorical perception pattern was transferred to musical perception. The conclusion could be drawn that there was a bi-directional transfer effect between the language and music experience of native Mandarin-speaking musicians on the categorical perception of tones, which provides empirical support for the “training transfer effect”. The “shared domain-general view” of language and music processing, i.e., language and music processing share a common neurophysiological basis, could also be validated in terms of the phonological processing ability specific to the language domain.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-02
Abstract： Spatial communication refers to the process of exchanging spatial information among collaborators in spatial cooperation tasks. Previous research has shown that social-spatial cues, environmental cues, and layout cues can influence spatial communication. However, the exploration of their multi-cue impact mechanisms has been insufficient. Additionally, factors like perspective and field cognitive style are worthy of investigation as they may affect spatial communication through their influence on spatial perspective-taking processes and spatial cue extraction. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of consistency in multiple spatial cues, spatial perspective-taking ability, and field cognitive style on spatial communication under different perspectives. Building upon the classical paradigm of spatial communication, this study investigated the multi-cue impact mechanisms by constructing more realistic small-scale indoor virtual environments. Study 1 examined the multi-cue effects on the expression process from the first-person perspective (Experiment 1) and the third-person perspective (Experiment 2). Study 2 explored the multi-cue effects on the reception process from the first-person perspective (Experiment 3) and the third-person perspective (Experiment 4). Study 1 employed a three-factor mixed design, with the core within-subject independent variable being the consistency of spatial cues, derived from social-spatial, environmental, and layout cues. The remaining between-subject variables were spatial perspective-taking ability and field cognitive style. Dependent variables included the ratio of choosing self or other-centric reference frames,duration of language organization and expression. Study 2 utilized a four-factor mixed design, introducing an additional within-subject independent variable, the reference frame of expression statement. Dependent variables comprised accuracy and time taken for understanding expression statements. All data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Findings revealed that, in the first-person perspective, greater support for spatial reference frames led to a higher likelihood of expresser using them for spatial information, shorter language organization duration, and faster comprehension and higher comprehension correctness of corresponding spatial statements by receiver. Moreover, layout cues had a greater support effect than environmental cues. The higher the spatial perspective-taking ability, the more inclined the expresser is to choose to express spatial language using other-centric reference frame, and the more correct and time-consuming it is for the receiver to understand the spatial utterance. Field-independent expresser showed a more pronounced effect of spatial cue support in choosing reference frames compared to field-dependent expresser. In spatial communication from a third-person perspective, layout cues continued to have a support effect, while environmental cues did not. In both perspectives, receiver comprehended spatial language expressed using receiver-centric frame more quickly. The results indicate that: First, in the first-person spatial communication, there is a presence of spatial cue support effects, with the support effect of layout cues significantly outweighing that of environmental cues; regarding reference frame selection, the consistency of spatial cues has a greater impact on field-independent expresser; the higher the spatial perspective-tasking ability, the more the expresser tends to take on a higher cognitive load and the higher the efficiency of the receiver’s comprehension. Second, the third-person perspective not only diminishes the supportive effects of spatial cues and the influence of spatial perspective-taking ability on spatial communication, but it also complicates the process of representation to varying degrees for the two types of field cognitive style expressers. But the use of a receiver’s frame of reference for linguistic representation is the optimal method for improving comprehension efficiency regardless of perspective.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-29
Abstract： Aggressive behavior refers to the psychological and behavioral tendency of an individual to intentionally hurt others in a direct or indirect way, so that the body and mind of the target of attack are adversely affected. The problem behavior of middle school students in the adolescent period is increasing, and the severity and danger of aggressive behavior are gradually increasing. Many studies have reported the effect of social anxie ty on aggressive behavior, but the internal mechanism of the how has not been fully explored. Therefore, this study explores the influence of emotion and cognition on behavior from the perspective of cognitive behavior theory. Specifically, this study examined whether social anxiety has an indirect effect on aggression through verbal fluency and whether this effect is moderated by emotional intelligence./t/nA total of 905 middle school students (mean age = 15.4 years, SD =1.8) participated in the study, who anonymously filled out questionnaires on social anxiety, verbal fluency, emotional intelligence, and aggressive behavior. All measures have good reliability and validity./t/nAfter controlling for sex, age, place of origin and whether the child is the only child, the structural equation model shows that: (1) Social anxiety can significantly predict aggressive behavior of middle school students under the condition of controlling gender, age and whether they are only children; (2) Social anxiety can predict aggression of middle school students through the mediating effect of verbal fluency; (3) The mediating effect of verbal fluency is regulated by emotional intelligence.pecifically, compared with high emotional intelligence middle school students, social anxiety of low emotional intelligence middle school students has greater predictive effect on verbal fluency and aggression./t/nThese findings help to reveal the mechanism of social anxiety on aggressive behavior of middle school students. On the one hand, verbal fluency plays a mediating role in the influence of social anxiety on aggression of middle school students. Therefore, we should pay attention to the influence of verbal fluency, which is easy to be neglected but plays an important role in communication, on aggression of middle school students. On the other hand, students with low emotional intelligence were more prone to aggressive behavior due to social anxiety and poor verbal fluency. Therefore, the intervention and prevention of aggressive behavior can start from the perspective of cultivating middle school students’ emotional intelligence and improving their verbal communication ability.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-27
Abstract： Depression-induced suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, and prolonged mobile phone usage has emerged as a significant public health concern with this demographic. However, the relationship between the duration of mobile phone usage and the manifestation of depressive symptoms in adolescents remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the characteristics, evolution patterns, and gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents based on varying durations of mobile phone usage, as well as to provide new strategies for the prevention and control of depression among them. A large-scale survey was conducted on 167,728 adolescents in Nanchong City using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Mobile phone usage was categorized as follows: Non-use on rest days (T1), usage on rest days for ≤3 hours per day (T2), and usage on rest days for >3 hours per day (T3). The collected data were analyzed using R software (version 4.3.2) and its network analysis packages. The study compared the differences in the depressive symptom networks among adolescents with varying duration of mobile phone usage on rest days, as well as the differences between genders for the same mobile phone usage duration. Network analysis revealed that the longer the duration of mobile phone usage among adolescents, the more severe the symptoms of depression. Among the symptoms of depression in adolescents, ’sadness’, ’sense of failure’, ’lack of pleasure’, and ’lack of happiness’ have a higher degree of strength centrality. We performed a comparative analysis of the depression symptom network under different mobile phone usage durations on rest days. There were no significant differences in global strength and network edges between the T2 and T1 networks, but a significant difference in network structure, with the strength centrality of one symptom being significantly different. The T3 vs. T1 network showed significant differences in global strength, network structure, and network edges, with 32 edges showing significant differences and the strength centrality of 8 symptoms being significantly different. The T3 vs. T2 network also showed significant differences in global strength, network structure, and network edges, with 19 edges showing significant differences and the strength centrality of 10 symptoms being significantly different. Additionally, we also revealed the comparative analysis of the depression symptom network among different genders with the same mobile phone usage duration on rest days. Under the T1 condition, there were no significant differences in network structure and network edges between the female and male groups, but a significant difference in global strength, with the strength centrality of one symptom being significantly different. Under the T2 and T3 conditions, there were significant differences in global strength, network structure, and network edges between female and male groups. Under the T2 condition, there were significant differences in 25 edges and the strength centrality of 8 symptoms. Under the T3 condition, there were significant differences in 15 edges and the strength centrality of 5 symptoms. The current study indicated that the characteristics and evolution patterns of depressive symptoms in adolescents varied according to the duration of mobile phone usage, and notable gender differences. This study, based on the evolution patterns of various depressive symptoms, innovatively proposes four evolution patterns of depressive symptoms. This findings provide new strategies for the prevention and control of adolescent depression.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-27
Abstract： Judgments of learning (JOLs) refer to learners’ subjective predictions of whether they can successfully extract what they have learned on future tests. Face memory is an important foundation for acquiring information during social interactions and ensuring that social activities are carried out properly. Emotion and attractiveness are two important cues that influence JOLs of face memory. In reality, emotion and attractiveness often appear simultaneously in the same face. However, previous studies have only examined the effects of the two cues on JOLs individually, and have not deeply explored the effects of the integration of the two cues on the accuracy of JOLs and their mechanisms./t/nThe present study first explored the proportion of the number of emotional and attractive cue integrators. Then, we increased the gradient of each level of the attractiveness cue in Experiment 1, and utilized a mixed experimental design of 2 (group: cue-integrated group, non-cue-integrated group) × 3 (emotional cue: high-intensity, medium-intensity, and low-intensity) × 3 (attractiveness cue: high-intensity, medium-intensity, and low-intensity) to explore whether the cue-integration could improve face memory and the accuracy of JOLs. In Experiment 2, in order to further improve the sensitivity of the subjects to the two cues, the mixed experimental design was changed to 2 (group: cue-integration group, non-cue-integration group) × 2 (emotional cues: high intensity, low intensity) × 2 (attraction cues: high intensity, low intensity), and the EEG was used to investigate the temporal characteristics of cue-integration in promoting the accuracy of JOLs./t/nFindings: (1) Subjects integrated both emotion and attraction cues for JOLs ratings(the pre-experiment). (2) Integrating emotional and attractiveness cues improved the accuracy of JOLs (Experiment 1). (3) The group that integrated cues had a higher amplitude of late positive waves (LPP) in the parietal region during the encoding stage and late negative waves (NSW) in the frontal region during the JOLs stage compared to the group that did not integrate cues. Additionally, the amplitudes of NSW and LPP in the cue-integrated group were significantly correlated with the accuracy of JOLs(Experiment 2). The study found that individuals who integrated emotion and attractiveness cues during the encoding stage were better able to allocate cognitive resources for cognitive assessment and retain information in the JOLs stage. This led to more accurate monitoring of their own face memory. The study suggests that integrating two cues can improve cognitive performance./t/nThis study offers a foundation for individuals to comprehend the impact of cue integration on memory and metamemory in real-world face learning scenarios. It also aids in the development of effective learning plans and strategies, as well as precise monitoring of the learning process.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-24
Abstract： In this paper, 66 college students from a university in Guangdong were screened by SCL-90 scale as the research sample, and were divided into 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group by the principle of complete random allocation. Before treatment, the intervention group was evaluated using the PANAS scale, SAS scale, and Art Therapy Effectiveness Other Rating Scale, and the control group was evaluated using the PANAS scale and SAS scale. After 18 weeks of (group counseling) painting art therapy for the intervention group, the subjects in both groups were assessed using the SCL-90 scale, PANAS scale, SAS scale, and Art Therapy Effectiveness Other Rating Scale. By comparing and analyzing the results of the pre- and post-tests, it was found that the factor scores of the SCL-90 scale, the total scores of the SAS scale, the scores of the PANAS scale, and the total scores of the Art Therapy Effectiveness Other Assessment Scale showed significant differences, and that the results of the post-tests were better than the results of the pre-tests, suggesting that the original art and painting therapy can promote the psychological health of college students. Based on the test results, we analyze the specific embodiment of native art painting therapy to promote the mental health of college students in three aspects: cognition, emotion, and socialization, and provide a new way to study the mental health education of college students.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-23
Abstract： As the saying goes, “Survival of the fittest”. Nowadays, the Internet has become a critical channel for information acquisition, social interaction, and educational learning. Adolescents’ internet adaptation capabilities must be continuously improved to adapt to this rapidly developing information age. Internet adaptation is inherently a “multidimensional system” encompassing various stages and dimensions. However, there remains a gap in the research exploring the internal topological characteristics and functional mechanisms of internet adaptation. Consequently, this study aims to employ network analysis techniques to elucidate the core characteristics, internal structure, dynamic evolution, and relationships with external variables of adolescents’ internet adaptation through network analysis. This approach will offer a comprehensive framework for understanding adolescents’ successful adaptation in the digital age and provide scientific insights for preventing and intervening in adolescent internet addiction. This study collected all data through paper-and-pencil questionnaires. At Time 1, valid data were obtained from 5783 participants (Males for 37.4%, Mage = 17.20 years, SD = 2.62). Five months later, data from 1235 of these participants were tracked (Males for 38%, Mage = 14.98 years, SD = 1.66). Based on the research objectives, we conducted cross-sectional network analysis, network comparison, and cross-lagged network analysis. All cross-sectional and cross-lagged network analyses were primarily conducted using R (V.4.3.2). Network visualizations were created with the qgraph package (version 1.9.5). The accuracy of edge estimates was assessed by performing 1000 bootstrap iterations to construct 95% non-parametric bootstrap confidence intervals for each edge. In the cross-sectional network of internet adaptation, “internet curiosity” is the node with the highest strength (1.18). Network comparison results indicate no significant difference in the overall strength between the T1 (3.52) and the T2 network (3.79) (p = 0.120), although the network invariance test result is significant (p < 0.001). The cross-lagged network analysis shows that “internet self-efficacy” has the strongest out-expected influence (0.60), and “internet information searching” has the strongest in-expected influence (0.30). Additionally, the cross-lagged network analysis of internet adaptation and internet addiction reveals that “internet information protection capability” exhibits the strongest outgoing predictive ability. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Adolescents’ internet curiosity plays a multifaceted role in their internet adaptation process: insufficient curiosity can lead to low internet self-efficacy, while excessive curiosity can result in poor internet self-control; (2) Internet self-efficacy has the most significant impact on the overall development of internet adaptation, serving as the “primary driving force”. (3) Internet information searching ability is the most internally influenced aspect during the internet adaptation process and is a crucial component of adolescents’ internet adaptability. (4) Internet information protection capability shows the strongest outgoing predictive ability in the cross-cluster network analysis of internet addiction, warranting further attention in future research.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： Problematic social media use (PSMU) is discussed as a potential further type of disorders due to addictive behaviors. The I-PACE (Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition Execution) model illustrates the mechanisms and processes assumed to be relevant for the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors, potentially including problematic social media use. The interaction of affective and cognitive components (e.g., the confrontation with addiction-related cues leading to cue reactivity and craving and decision making) is assumed to result in a continuation of the behavior (e.g., use of social networks). Dysfunctional decision-making behavior, reflecting this imbalance, is considered as risk factor for and a consequence of an addictive behavior. This study investigates if the presentation of social- media -related cues interferes with decision making under risk. We conducted two studies using the Wheel of Fortune task. In study 1, the relationship between problematic social media use and risk decision-making was investigated. This study used a 2 (participant type: PSMU group, control group) × 2 (risk level: low, high) mixed design with participant type as a between-subjects variable. Participants were asked to complete the Wheel of Fortune task by pressing the F or J key. In study 2, in order to investigates if the presentation of Social-media-related cues interferes with decision making under risk, a 2 (participant type: PSMU, HC) × 2 (risk level: low, high) × 2(variation between conditions: C1, C2) mixed design was used. Participants were asked to make a choice by pressing the F or J key after the relevant information pictures disappears. The results were observed as follows: (1) When no cues were presented, the response time of the PSMU group was longer, and they chose riskier options less frequently under high-risk level. (2) When neutral and social media-related cues were presented, the consistency conditions increased the number of times the PSMU group chose riskier options, and the impact on the first arrival time of the PSMU group was greater than that on the control group. Compared to the control group, the response time of the problem group was also more influenced by social-related cues.In summary, this study revealed that Problematic social media use can influence risk decision-making, and social media-related information has a greater impact on the PSMU group, increasing their tendency to take risks during risk decision-making. In the future, research can be conducted to explore the brain activities of problematic social media users during the risk decision-making process, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between problematic social media use and risk decision-making.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-18
Abstract： Faced with the pressures of academic achievement, employment, and other life stressors, contemporary young people are experiencing heightened levels of anxiety and unease. Their spiritual and cultural needs are continuously evolving, necessitating the exploration of additional avenues for psychological solace. Contemporary art spaces have emerged as one of the primary means through which the public can satisfy these needs. As a result, their public responsibility has become increasingly apparent. In recent years, there has been a gradual shift towards incorporating art therapy into these spaces as part of their developmental transformation. This article begins by categorizing the spatial presentation of art therapy and analyzing its inherent logic and operational mechanisms. It then delves into exploring the interactive relationship between individuals, art therapy, and contemporary art spaces in order to seek out common ground for their mutual development potential.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-15
Abstract： Scarcity is the perception of insufficient resources within a specific domain, referring to an individual’s perception and cognition when the resources they possess are inadequate compared to what is needed to accomplish a task. Money, as a common incentive in life and a typical example of tangible resource scarcity, has been demonstrated in various studies to impact one’s prosocial behaviors. However, past research on the influence of financial scarcity on prosocial behaviors has largely focused on actions that require significant personal cost, such as donations and cooperation, with relatively less attention given to low-cost prosocial actions—social mindfulness. There is no consensus yet on whether individuals under financial scarcity become more selfish or more generous.Furthermore, social mindfulness, unlike traditional prosocial behaviors, is centrally about perceiving others’ needs and is thus more likely to be influenced by the social information cues of the recipients themselves, but its operation under conditions of financial scarcity remains unclear. Therefore, this study also primarily examines the moderating role of recipients’ own social information cues in the relationship between financial scarcity and social mindfulness./t/nThis study, drawing on scarcity theory and social cognition theory, explores the impact of financial scarcity on individual social mindfulness through three experiments. It also examines the moderating role of recipients’ own social information cues in the relationship between financial scarcity and social mindfulness. Specifically,Experiment 1 is primarily based on the social cognition of others’ charisma, exploring it from the perspective of attractiveness. It includes Experiments 1a and 1b, which respectively investigate the effects of recipients’ facial and vocal attractiveness on financial scarcity and social mindfulness. Experiment 2 focuses on the social cognition of self-presentation, exploring through facial expressions and examining the effects of different face types and expressions of the recipients on financial scarcity and social mindfulness. Experiment 3 is based on the social cognition of renown, assessing the impact of the recipients’ social class status on financial scarcity and social mindfulness./t/nThe experimental results found that compared to the non-financial scarcity group, the financial scarcity group exhibited less social mindfulness. Additionally, the social information cues of the recipients moderated the expression of social mindfulness, with attractive faces, voices, positive emotional expressions, and lower social class status eliciting more social mindfulness. Finally, recipients’ social information cues facilitated the expression of social mindfulness, with a stronger enhancing effect observed in the non-financial scarcity group./t/nThis study expands the research on the relationship between financial scarcity and prosocial behavior, revealing the moderating role of recipients’ social information cues. It provides a theoretical reference for developing interventions aimed at fostering social mindfulness in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-10
Abstract： The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is closely associated with individual psychological health. Traditional studies have used the mean value of CAR over several days to explore this relationship; however, research conclusions have been highly inconsistent due to the influence of state-dependent factors such as sleep. Therefore, this study introduces CAR variability across multiple days as a novel measure to quantify CAR and investigates its relationship with psychological health by considering trait anxiety and psychological resilience as key variables under controlled or manipulated sleep efficiency scenarios. It was hypothesized that under controlled sleep efficiency conditions, smaller CAR variability reflects positive psychological health characteristics, specifically higher psychological resilience scores and lower trait anxiety scores. Conversely, under manipulated sleep efficiency conditions, greater CAR variability was hypothesized to better reflect positive psychological health characteristics, specifically higher psychological resilience scores and lower trait anxiety scores. Two experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. In Experiment 1, 28 participants reduced CAR variability by increasing sleep efficiency stability under three similar natural sleep days. In Experiment 2, 41 participants experienced a full night of sleep deprivation following two natural sleep days to increase CAR variability. All participants wore a sleep wristwatch to assess their sleep efficiency during the experimental period and provided four saliva samples at awakening and at 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-awakening to assess CAR. The Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used as key variables reflecting individual psychological health. Finally, the relationship between CAR variability over multiple days and trait anxiety/psychological resilience was examined. Experiment 1 found no significant differences in participants’ sleep efficiency or CAR across the three natural sleep days. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between CAR variability and trait anxiety scores over the three days, indicating that smaller CAR variability in a stable environment is associated with lower levels of trait anxiety. Experiment 2 found no significant differences in participants’ sleep efficiency and CAR across the first two natural sleep days. However, on the third day, following a full night of sleep deprivation, CAR showed a marked blunting, with post-deprivation CAR levels significantly lower than those on the preceding two natural sleep days. Moreover, Experiment 2 found a significant positive correlation between CAR variability before and after sleep deprivation and psychological resilience. This suggests that higher CAR variability in a changing environment is associated with higher levels of psychological resilience. When the traditional CAR mean was used as a measure to explore its relationship with trait anxiety and psychological resilience, no significant correlations were found in either experiment. These results indicate that CAR variability is a reliable physiological indicator of psychological health. Smaller CAR variability in stable environments is associated with lower levels of trait anxiety, whereas greater CAR variability in more variable environments is associated with higher levels of psychological resilience. This study emphasizes the importance of considering CAR variability over multiple days to understand how individuals adapt to daily stressors and challenges, providing new perspectives and evidence for promoting psychological health and designing effective intervention strategies in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-06
Abstract： Bipolar disorder is a highly burdensome and refractory mental disorder, affecting individuals, families, and society. The challenge in bipolar disorder is that the treatment targeting the depressive state often carries the risk of inducing manic state, and vice versa, with the frequency of these alternating cycles often indicating the severity of the illness. Therefore, reducing the frequency of state switching in bipolar disorder patients and gradually achieving a stable state are crucial for effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to propose a psychophysiological model of bipolar disorder state switching. Considering the remarkable potential of the salience network in brain switching, we anchor a model on the functionality of the salience network to analyze and demonstrate the pathways involved in bipolar disorder state switching within the framework of psychophysiological. By focusing on the salience network, this model provides valuable insights into the treatment, patterns of development, and pathophysiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： With the rapid development of the environmental industry, the question of how to encourage consumers to behave environmental-friendly has become crucial. Scholars in the fields of social psychology, environmental psychology, and consumer behavior have explored the antecedents of eco-friendly behavior from a variety of perspectives. However, for policy makers and product producers, more solutions are needed to the questions of how to motivate consumers to engage in eco-friendly behaviors and how to increase consumers’ purchases of environmentally friendly products. In addition, most of the studies have focused on social and individual factors that drive consumers to engage in eco-friendly behaviors, while the contextual factors that are closely related to marketing practices have been paid limited attention, only Li et al. (2023) and Sun et al. (2024) have discussed the same-domain contextual factors that affects the eco-friendly behaviors. Therefore, exploring the antecedents of consumers’ eco-friendly behaviors from a cross-domain perspective can be a powerful addition to the pro-environmental research./t/nBased on this reality, this paper proposes that engaging consumers in creative activities can enhance their willingness to engage in eco-friendly behaviors, self-importance mediated this effect. In addition, we propose that environmental advertising interest appeals moderated the effect. Through six multi-method studies, this paper validates the positive effect of creative activity participation on consumers’ eco-friendly behavior. Specifically, Study 1 provides correlation evidence between creative activity experience and propensity to engage in eco-friendly behavior through data from a large-scale secondary survey. Study 2 verified the causal relationship between participation in creative activities and consumers’ eco-friendly behavior, suggesting that prior participation in creative activities promotes consumers’ subsequent eco-friendly attitudes and behaviors. Study 3 examined the mediation effect of self-importance, and ruled out the alternative explanations based on meaning in life, openness, and abstract thinking. Study 4 demonstrated that the effect was significant (disappeared) when environmental advertisements conveyed personal interest appeals (versus social interest appeals)./t/nThis paper has the following theoretical contributions. First, this paper explores the impact of consumers’ participation in creative activities on their subsequent eco-friendly behavior, a work that on the one hand contributes new outcome variables to the field of creativity research. On the other hand, it also contributes to a new understanding of the link between creativity and pro-social behavior topics. Second, this paper advances research on consumer eco-friendly behavior. Discussing how consumers’ experiences in prior contexts influence their eco-friendly behavior in subsequent contexts can contribute new antecedents to environmental behavior research. Finally, this paper enriches the research on self-importance. The paper reveals that increased self-importance is a key psychological mechanism by which engaging in creative activities can promote eco-friendly behavior, a finding that adds new antecedent and outcome variables to the self-importance literature.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-04-23
Abstract： With the rapid development of economy and society, human beings have put forward higher requirements for the living environment. Environmental conditions are closely related to human psychological activities,have a direct impact on human physical and mental health and economic benefits by intervening in human physical and mental health and economic benefits. Environmental psychology is committed to studying the relationship between environment and human system, exploring the law between people’s thinking, behavior and emotion and environmental materials in different social cultures and environments, and reveals the relationship between human activities and their surrounding environment, so as to seek a sustainable model of mutual adaptation to human and the environment. In order to explore the development of environmental psychology This paper puts to use CNKI database as the research object, uses CiteSpace bibliometry to objectively analyze the relevant literature of environmental psychology, and discusses the research status, research popular projects and development trend of environmental psychology. The results show that: 1) environmental psychology will continue to develop in the direction of people-oriented and steadily embark on the road of humanization, emotional value and spiritual experience; 2) the relevant theories and methods of environmental psychology will be applied to landscape design to optimize environmental quality and promote the coordinated development between people and environment; 3) environmental psychology examines people’s psychological quality and psychological problems under different social environment conditions, which can provide a reference value for improving ideological education and maintaining mental health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-03-28
Abstract： Psychological and brain science study human behavior and the human brain by study volunteers who participate these studies. Given the mind and behavior of participants influenced by their own biological and social factors, the generalizability of findings in these fields largely depends on the representativeness of samples. However, the representativeness of samples in psychological and brain science has long been criticized as WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). In recent years, several meta-researches have surveyed the representativeness of samples in published studies across different subfields, but the overall understanding of sample representativeness in psychological and brain science is lacking. In this review, we analyze these meta-researches to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the current state of sample representativeness in the field.
Two major issues were found in these meta-researches. First, much important sample information was never reported in the published studies. Most psychological and brain science studies reported participants’ gender, age, and country, while participants’ race/ethnicity, education level, and socioeconomic status were less commonly reported. Other important demographic variables, such as rural/urban, were reported completely ignored. And from a temporal perspective, the reporting of these demographic variables has increased only slightly in recent years compared to the past. The current situation of neglect in reporting demographic information has not fundamentally changed.
Second, based on the reported information, the current sample in the field is far from being representative of the world population: most participants are young, highly educated Caucasian females in Western countries; middle-aged and older, less educated, disadvantaged people in and outside Western countries are less likely to be studied. In terms of countries, African, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries appear fewer in psychological and brain science research.
These two issues may be due to the following reasons: convenience sampling as the main sampling method; Western researchers dominating the research of psychology and brain science, with most of the editors-in-chief, editorial board members, and authors coming from Europe and America; traditionally, psychology and brain science under-valued the effect of culture and various demographic factors; the assumption that findings from Western participants can be generalized to all human beings. Addressing the issue of sample representativeness in psychological and brain sciences requires a concerted effort by researchers, academic societies, journals, and funding agencies: Researchers should collect and report detailed demographic information about participants, state the limitations of generalizability, and use sampling methods that can increase representativeness whenever possible (e.g., probability sampling); academic societies should raise the awareness of the representativeness issues by organizing more academic symposium or workshops on this topic; journals should increase the representativeness of editorial board members and encourage more rigorous research with samples from underrepresented groups or studies that examine the generalizability of important findings; funding agencies can encourage researchers to pay more attention to study groups from underrepresented countries, and provide financial support for studying hard-to-research population. Improving sample representativeness will enhance the application of psychological and brain science knowledge to real-life setting and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-03-13
Abstract： In an era of “litigation explosion”, Chinese judges are faced with the challenge of effectively handling the overwhelming and increasing volume of court cases. To address the dilemma of “too many cases but too few judges”, previous research on judicial practice has mainly focused on improving the efficiency of litigation procedure. However, one critical aspect that has been largely neglected is the underlying psychological response of judges to this challenge, which may play a pivotal role in the effectiveness and quality of judicial decision making. To address this gap, the current research adopted a person-centered perspective, aiming to uncover the role played by the prevalent feeling of time poverty, the feeling of not having enough time to accomplish all work-related task, among judges. We delved into the antecedents that triggered judges’ perception of time poverty, explored the consequences it had on judicial work, and unraveled the mechanisms through which time poverty influences the quality and efficiency of judicial decisions.
Based on the grounded theory method, we conducted in-depth interviews with judges recruited through a purposeful sampling method. Specifically, participants consisted of judges (N = 51) who came from various regions across North China, Central China, and Southeast China, and who worked for local People’s Courts at various levels (i.e., the primary, intermediate, and high People’s Court) with tenures ranging from one to thirty-six years, ensuring a diverse representation of perspectives and experiences. The current study constructed an integrated model that elucidated the antecedents and consequences of the perception of time poverty within the realm of the judiciary.
Findings revealed that (1) a mismatch between job demands, which was increased due to the numerous and detailed workloads and the burden of assessment requirements, and resources, which was decreased due to insufficient staffing, contributed to judges’ time poverty at work, and (2) the mismatch between job demands and resources urged the judges to speed up judicial decisions as well as to prolong their working hours, which in turn damaged the quality and effectiveness of judicial decisions.
By examining judges’ feelings of time poverty at work, the current study employed a person-centered perspective that complements the normative approach of extant legal science research and elucidated the mechanism that underlies the formation of judges’ time poverty and its judicial consequences. Findings of the current study provide theoretical insight into the challenge of case overload in China through a psychological perspective and offer practical implications for policymakers to overcome the challenge by prioritizing the feelings and needs of judges.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-02-26
Abstract： Social hierarchies are dynamic multidimensional systems. The dominance route via aggression and threat to acquire resources has evolved under intense sexual selection pressure. By contrast, the competence route, which emphasizes the role of knowledge/skill in gaining status, is a consequence of the evolution of cultural learning driven by the increasing sophistication of foraging techniques. However, the virtue route characterized by psychological altruism is thought to be unique to human-being, and is the result of cultural evolution favoring large-scale collective actions. The three routes are different in the scope of existence, behavioral pattern and outcome, evolutionary cause and emotional medium. Future research could further clarify the relationship between sexual selection patterns and dominance levels in different species. Multi-discipline studies may also be adopted to explore the human environment in which the competence route has evolved, as well as the biological basis of the virtue route.
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