Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Most previous studies have oversimplified the relationships among constructs. Researchers usually propose and test linear relations based on the assumption that “more is better”. Recently, along with the deepening of research, the perspective of too-much-of-a-good-thing effect (TMGT effect), i.e. the inverse U relation, has aroused more attention. By reviewing 44 research in organizational behavior field in recent five years, we identify four types of research topics, including positive feelings and thoughts at work, stable individual characteristics, characteristics of work and task, and group composition. We then identify two types of explanation mechanisms, which are summarized as “additive benefit and cost” and “interactive motivation and ability/opportunity”. In addition, we put forward that the moderation effect can be based on the change of single or dual mechanisms. We then discuss several suggestions for future research: (1) Diversify research topics and expand research levels; (2) Clarify the influencing mechanism behind TMGT effect; (3) Explore the threshold points based on the contextual factors; (4) Explicate the theoretical underpinnings of TMGT effect; (5) Improve sampling process and research design.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Innovation is often sparked by pressures. Researchers have made a great effort to investigate the relationship between workplace stressors and employee innovative behaviors. Yet, extant literature has not drawn consistent conclusions. Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling and Boudreau (2000) introduced the challenge-hindrance stressor framework. In this framework, challenge stressors are good demands that provide opportunities to learn and achieve, while hindrance stressors are bad demands that unnecessarily thwart personal achievements. Empirical evidence has consistently found that hindrance stressors are negatively related to employee innovative behaviors. However, the findings about the relationship between challenge stressors and innovative behaviors are mixed. Our study enlarges the previous findings and incorporates job resources from the leader, into the relationship between challenge stressors and innovative behaviors. Job demand-resources model indicates that when job resources can help employees meet the job demands, employees will embrace more positive work-related outcomes. High job resources can decrease employees’ resource depletion when they face job demands, increase the motivational functions of job demands, and thus enable employees to successfully accomplish job demands. As a type of job resources, leader-member exchange can alleviate resources depletion. When leader-member exchange is high, employees are able to allocate more resources to cope with challenging demands. Due to the increase of successful coping, challenge stressors can lead to more positive woke-related outcomes, especially employee innovative behaviors. Thus when LMX is high, the relationship between challenge stressors and employee innovative behaviors is more positive than when LMX is low. Moreover, the style of leadership behaviors may influence the suitability of the resources provided by leaders to employees. Our study further argues that abusive supervision, as a type of negative style of leadership behaviors, is more likely to influence the moderating effects of LMX. When abusive supervision is high, leaders convey “mixed information” to employees with high LMX. Thus LMX cannot be used as resources to cope with job demands, or challenge stressors. In contrast, when abusive supervision is low, leaders convey “consistent information” to employees with high LMX. We collected two samples to test our hypotheses. For the first sample, the survey was administered in an energy drinks corporation located in China’s Beijing municipal. We collected the data at two time spots with a temporal interval of 2 weeks and the final sample was composed of 195 matched leader-employee dyads. For the second sample, the survey was administered in four companies. We collected the data at one time spot and the final sample was composed of 251 matched leader-employee dyads. The results consistently revealed that the interaction of LMX and abusive supervision significantly moderated the challenge stressors – employee innovative behaviors link. Especially, only when LMX is high and abusive supervision is low, the relationship between challenge stressors and innovative behaviors is significantly positive. Theoretically, our study contributes to the relationship between challenge stressors and employee innovative behaviors using job demands-resources model. Further, our study also contributes to the leadership literature that the positive role of LMX can be influenced by the leadership behaviors, especially in our study, abusive supervision. Last, our study enlarges the innovation studies that the interplay of work stressors and work resources is essential for employee innovation. Practically, our study contributes to employee innovation improvements. Finally, the limitations and future research directions were discussed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2018-11-13
Abstract： Despite previous research primarily focused on the positive outcomes resulting from empowering leadership, recent studies in this realm have indicated that empowering leadership could also bring potential negative effects apart from the positive outcomes. With respect to this issue, we first demonstrated the conceptualization and core characteristics of empowering leadership. Then, based on dual-task processing effect, role theory and implicit leadership theory, we explained the theoretical mechanisms of the negative effects of empowering leadership. Next, we analyzed the boundary conditions under which empowering leadership exerts positive influence on employees and organizations. Finally, we proposed several future research directions regarding the negative effects of empowering leadership.
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