Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2021-08-31
Abstract： Ambient light broadly modulates individuals’ physiological and psychological functions as a zeitgeber, and its non-image-forming (NIF) effects on individuals’ mood attract wide attention recently. Previous studies have demonstrated that illuminance, correlated color temperature, and wavelength are key physical factors influencing mood. Unusual light patterns such as short lighting periods, artificial lighting during the night, and constant lighting or darkness may lead to affective disorders. In addition, the NIF effects of ambient light on mood are also modulated by exposure duration, timing, individual characteristics, subjective preferences, and gene types. The potential mechanisms that underlie the modulatory effects of light on mood are discussed from two aspects: on the one hand, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells may project light signals to the brain areas responsible for emotional regulation. On the other hand, ambient light may regulate mood by altering circadian rhythms, hormone secretion, neurotransmission, and sleep. Future efforts are necessary to address the effects of short-term light exposure on mood by introducing more objective and diverse emotional measurement techniques, integrating visual and non-visual neural pathways, and further exploring the therapeutic effects of light among people with mood disorders.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-08-31
Abstract： The human voice, as an important part of one’s auditory environment, contains a large amount of paralinguistic information to help identify individuals. Especially for blind individuals, the lack of visual face experience makes voice information the main source of perceiving another person's individual characteristics. By combining the research on voice-selective and voice-identity processing among both sighted and blind individuals, the present study attempts to reveal the general human voice processing mode and specific voice processing mechanism among blind persons. It also shows that the fusiform gyrus related to visual face processing are involved in voice tasks in both groups. The auditory-visual integration model and cross-modal reorganization hypothesis based on the “unmasking effect”, provide respective explanation mechanisms for the different neural bases of voice processing between the two subjects. Future, researchers should further investigate the voice processing strategies of blind individuals and the role of the left superior temporal sulcus/gyrus in voice processing.
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2021-08-26
Abstract： The mediation effect analysis is able to reveal the process and mechanism of the impact of independent variables on a dependent variable. As an important statistical method, the mediation effect analysis has become a hot topic in methodology research in the last twenty years. The development of domestic research on the methodology of mediation effect was systematically reviewed from the five aspects, including testing method, effect size, the mediation effect test of categorical variables and longitudinal data, and model expansion. Specifically, model expansions include multiple mediation models, multilevel mediation models, moderated mediation model and mediated moderation model. Finally, recent progresses of foreign methodological studies on mediation effect and the future research directions were discussed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-08-24
Abstract： An important question for research on reading across the lifespan concerns whether mechanisms of cognitive processing undergo only quantitative changes or also qualitative changes with aging. To process written language effectively, readers use their existing knowledge to make predictive inferences about linguistic information. As Older adults appear to rely more heavily on lexical prediction during reading. However, it is currently unknown whether, like young adults, they experience a processing cost due to predictive error, and whether the magnitude of this cost differs across age adult groups. Accordingly, the present research aims to understand the processing consequence of predictive error in both young and older adults. This will be achieved using novel co-registration methods that synchronize the recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals with eye movements. In particular, this approach will enable the analysis of fixated-related potentials (FRPs), which are averaged EEG waveforms time-locked to a fixation on a target word in a sentence during normal reading. Study 1 will manipulate the degree to which the prior linguistic constrains the probable identity of a word, to investigate age differences (young versus older adults) in predication error cost on word recognition in reading. Study 2, the parafoveal information availability, working memory load and the language ability will be manipulated to investigate the why the older adults produce prediction error cost. Study 3 will use linear mixed-effects modelling, and data-mining methods, to assess the effects of aging and these key individual differences variables on the effects of contextual constraint in reading (using data from Study 1 and 2). The findings from these studies will provide important insights into the nature of aging and individual difference effects on neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying word prediction in reading, and will form the basis for future models of these effects in Chinese reading.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-08-23
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2021-08-23
Abstract： Studies show that significant differences are found in intertemporal choice between people in positive and negative emotions. However, the mechanism underlying this effect is underexplored. This study aimed to reveal the process mechanism of emotions on intertemporal decision making on the basis of the single dimension priority model by using a process-oriented method–a visual analog scale. We conducted three studies, where emotions were induced by video clip-induced technique to trigger target emotions (positive, neutral and negative). In study 1, the effects of emotions on intertemporal choice was investigated. This study used a 3 (emotion: positive, neutral, negative) ×2 (delay amount: 100, 1000 yuan) ×5 (delay time: 10, 30, 90, 180, 360 days) mixed design with emotion as a between-subjects variable. Participants were randomly assigned to positive, neutral, and negative conditions and were asked to complete the delay discounting task. In study 2, the process mechanism of emotions on intertemporal choice with a between-subjects design (emotion: positive, negative) was explored. Participants in each condition were asked to complete the delay discounting task and to compare the difference in the delay dimension with that on the outcome dimension. In studies 3a and 3b, 2 (emotion: positive, negative) ×2 (priming: time priming/money priming, no priming) between-subjects designs were used to manipulate the difference-comparing process and explore whether the effect of emotions on intertemporal choice disappeared. The results were observed as follows: (1) Emotions affected intertemporal choice significantly. Participants in the positive condition preferred the delay reward more than participants in the negative and neutral condition. (2) The difference-comparing process played a mediating role in the relationship between emotion and intertemporal decision making. Participants in positive emotion perceived that the difference in outcome dimension was greater than that of delay dimension and preferred the delay option. Participants in negative emotions perceived opposite and tended to choose the immediate choice. (3) The effect of emotions on intertemporal decision making disappeared when the difference-comparing process was manipulated. In summary, this study revealed the psychological mechanism of emotions on intertemporal decision making from the perspective of decision-making process and added important procedural evidence to the single dimension priority model. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2021-08-21
Abstract： Although the debate over “nature versus nurture” has been an intense focus of creativity research and great efforts have been made to identify genes and environmental factors that contribute to creativity, the molecular biological mechanisms by which environment and gene-environment interaction may influence creativity are still unknown. Recently, with the development of epigenetic studies, identification of the epigenetic basis of complex traits and behaviors has been one of the leading issues in psychological research. As a potential mediator between environment and genome, the epigenetic approach provides an opportunity to reveal how the complex interactions of genes, epigenetics and environment give rise to individual differences in creativity. Based on this notion, by investigating the relationship between methylation of dopamine-related genes, family environment and creativity, the present study aims to reveal the epigenetic basis of creativity and the molecular biological mechanisms by which environment and gene-environment interaction may influence creativity. To this purpose, the present study employs a two-stage design. Stage 1 is designed to systematically investigate the association between methylation of dopamine-related genes and creativity, and aims to identify the gene whose methylation is associated with creativity. Stage 2 focuses on the identified gene whose methylation is associated with creativity, and is designed to investigate the relationship between family environment, genotypes, methylation and creativity. It is expected that findings of the present study would help to demonstrate the epigenetic basis of creativity and to provide important insight into the mechanisms by which genes and environmental factors interplay with each other to influence creativity. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2021-08-19
Abstract： Confucian philosophy is a vital key in understanding China. The Confucianism classics have probably exercised a greater influence on Chinese people than any other literary or philosophical work. Junzi is the central focus of The Analects (Confucius’ collected sayings and the most significant text in Confucianism), and it may be the best method to comprehend The Analects. Junzi is not only just a historical notion but also a mainstream academic subject in contemporary China. In this study, we defined Junzi personality as ideal personality traits in Chinese culture (particularly Confucianism) and utilized modern psychological approaches to shed light on the operational conceptualization of Junzi personality. First, we collected all the Confucius’ statements about Junzi personality from The Analects and utilized them to create a preliminary questionnaire with 80 items written in modern Chinese. Second, we asked 499 Chinese participants to self-report how much they endorsed each item, to describe themselves on a 7-point scale, before performing exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring and a Promax rotation. Third, we invited 319 and 663 participants to fill in a 30-item questionnaire and conducted two confirmatory factor analyses. Lastly, we examined criterion-related validity using several correlation analyses on two samples of 202 and 233 participants. The findings revealed that the Junzi personality is composed of five factors: (A) “wisdom, benevolence, and courage,” describing the traits of people who have rational attitudes that give full play to the autonomy of their minds and wise attitudes that illuminate things and are able to put these into practice; (B) “respectfulness and propriety,” describing the traits of people who maintain respectful, humble, cautious, and honest attitudes toward social norms, social order, and social life; (C) “conversancy with righteousness and cherishment of benign rule,” describing the traits of people who know that they should act appropriately and maintain their inherent goodness; (D) “refraining from what should not be done,” describing the traits of people who understand the boundaries and bottom lines of their behaviors and do not violate them; (E) “self-cultivation rather than contentions with others,” describing the traits of people who find problems in themselves and endeavor to change the status quo when managing transactions, solving problems, and encountering difficulties or setbacks and understand that contentions with others do not help solve problems. The confirmatory factor analyses results indicated that the Inventory of Junzi Personality in Confucius’ Thought had good reliability, construct validity, and discrimination validity. Correlation analyses revealed that Junzi personality was significantly positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, Chinese values, self-flexibility, cooperative personality tendencies, and prosocial inclinations. Moreover, Junzi personality was significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism, discordance between self and experience, self-rigidity, and excessive competitiveness. These findings supplemented and improved understandings of Junzi personality meanings and internal structures and offered a reliable and valid assessment for quantitative empirical Junzi personality research."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-08-17
Abstract： " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-08-17
Abstract： " Perceived control is an important psychological resource for human beings when faced with various natural disasters and social and cultural pressures. As a main component of culture, rituals are an important factor in helping people acquire and enhance their perceived control. Guozhuang worship is an essential part of life for the Pumi people, an ethnic group living in southwest China. Guozhuang is a rectangular piece of white stone in front of the huotang in Pumi family, and it is regarded as the incarnation of ancestors of Pumi people. In Guozhuang worship, Pumi people call the names of their ancestors and invite them to enjoy a tribute. To explore the influence of ritual on perceived control, this study examined the ritual of worshiping Guozhuang among the Pumi people and explored the influence of rituals on perceived control as well as the mediating role of positive emotions from two aspects, namely, ritual action and the symbolic meaning of the ritual. This study conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined 73 Pumi adolescents and used the recall task to ask participants to describe their experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. In Experiment 2, we created a novel ritual to manipulate ritual action and symbolic meaning and conducted a 2 (ritual action: action for ancestor worship vs. no action for ancestor worship) x 3 (symbolic meaning: gratitude vs. blessing vs. no meaning expression) behavior experiment with 105 Pumi adolescents and discussed the mediating role of positive emotions. We found that performing ritual actions could directly enhance Pumi adolescents’ perceived control, while the meaning of prayer could only enhance perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. In Experiment 3, middle-aged and elderly Pumi people were given a recall task to initiate the experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. Further analysis indicated that when middle-aged and elderly people expressed their gratitude to their ancestors in worshiping Guozhuang they could affect their perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. This study concluded that there is a dual-path way mechanism in the influence of ritual actions and symbolic meaning on peoples’ perceived control. Ritual actions directly enhance perceived control, while symbolic meaning enhances perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. The influence that the subjects of the ritual and the symbolic meanings of the ritual that the positive emotion plays have on the perceived control varies depending on the experience of ritual practitioners: adolescents tend to express blessings, while middle-aged and older adults tend to express gratitude. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-08-16
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-08-16
Abstract： Based on the dynamic psychological contract theory, this project considers workplace helping decision-making as a social venture investment process rather than a transient behavior. We also argue that a vital function of human resource management is to create and maintain a sustainable investment environment within organizations for social venture investment among employees. To test these ideas, this project will develop a helping decision-making process model in the Chinese context and further explore the main differences between this model and those proposed by previous studies. Furthermore, from the perspective of human resource management practice, this project will explore the influential mechanisms of work design and payment management in helping decision-making. Finally, based on the results of this project, we will develop suggestions for human resource management to effectively promote employees’ helping behavior."
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2021-08-15
Abstract： The behaviors of pursuing luck have been widely existing in a great many aspects of human social life from the past to the present, among them many manifested as consumer behaviors, and can be explained by the theoretical achievements regarding the effects of perception of luck on consumer behaviors. However, few extant studies systematically reviewed the relevant literature, to some extent which has restricted research efforts and marketing practices in this area. In this paper, we summarized five categories of consumer behaviors: risk-taking, uniqueness seeking, contagion effects, attitude towards product with luck meaning, lucky consumption. Furthermore, we pointed out theoretical explanations which from various perspectives uncover the linkage and reasoning behind the perception of luck and consumer behavior: attribution theory, personality trait theory, cognitive priming theory, the theory of counterfactual thinking, social comparison theory, the theory of locus of controland heuristics theory. We give three suggestions to the further research: to deepen the mechanism of perception of lucky, to expand the boundary conditions, and to examine both the advantages and disadvantages of luck consumption.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-08-15
Abstract：自然社会的人、物理物、生物发生相互作用，并诱发结果效应，这构成了物质世界运作的“事件”。事件结构的数理表达，串联起人类认知功能的“结构编码逻辑”，构成了数理心理学的第一公设。事件的信息结构携带了事件的属性（时空属性、运动属性、动力属性、因果属性）及特征值。事件属性的集合，构成物质空间。经感觉、知觉、思维这些认知加工“操作”后，会对应映射为心理属性的集合，构成心理空间。“认知对称性”认为，物质空间和心理空间存在对称性，事件特征值对应转换为心理量，且每个变换都对应一个守恒律。这与经典实验发现的恒常性惊奇契合。它构成了数理心理学的第二公设。“认知对称性”构成了人类认知功能的“内容逻辑”，回答了人类认知功能的结构构造、功能之间的逻辑。人类认知功能的结构单元，随着认知级别的增高，对称性变换的事件属性的维度逐步增加，对称性程度不断提高，并满足“认知熵增原理”。本文将要综述并进行延展、进一步修正的内容是：“认知对称性公设”，并将心理学、色度学、透视学等局部经典发现串联为统一性数理理论架构体系中的逻辑体，并拓展延伸“数理心理学”两个公设的内容。这可能为“统一性心理学”的到来提供基础性探索。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-08-13
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-08-13
Abstract： Most research on the relationship between supervisors and subordinates focuses on the actual characteristics of the relationship but lacks discussion on the implicit characteristics or patterns of the relationship. The supervisor– subordinate relational schema is an individual’s implicit cognition of the pattern or characteristics of the relationship between supervisors and subordinates. The relational schema helps reveal the interaction process between supervisors and subordinates and provides theoretical guidance on how to promote the positive psychology and behaviors of supervisors and subordinates. Based on a systematic review of the literature, this paper distinguishes the supervisor–subordinate relational schema from the implicit theories of relationships, followership schema, relational self, and relational identity. Individual traditionality and modernity, attachment style, leadership behavior, and cultural factors can predict the supervisor–subordinate relational schema. This relational schema can influence a leader’s attitude and behavior and subordinates' loyalty, job performance, extrarole behavior, leader evaluation (ethical leadership), and supervisor–subordinate relationship evaluation. Meanwhile, the social#2;cognitive model of transference, pan familism, social learning theory, and information processing theory can explain the antecedents and consequences of the supervisor–subordinate relational schema. Future research is encouraged to identify the predictive factors of the supervisor–subordinate relational schema, expand its consequences, and explore its mediating mechanism.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-08-12
Abstract： “实验实证纲领”与 “理论纲领” 属于科学关键纲领。心理学仍处于“实验实证纲领”主导的实验阶段，追求公理、自洽完备的数理架构是内驱目标，也是 APA 的统一性心理学（Unifying Psychology） 核心诉求。“数理心理学”提出关键数理公设，演绎心理学基础问题，并与经典发现惊奇一致：知觉功能结构、语义编码、学习实验的控制结构、知识的结构体系、信息通道完备性。“事件结构式”由于能够串联起物质信息结构表达、信息认知加工机理的底层逻辑，而成为首要公设。这开辟了利用公理公设演绎心理机制的新途径。基于这一原创性，本文将综述事件结构式的数理成果，并拓展其延伸性推论。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Other Disciplines of Biology submitted time 2021-08-11
Abstract： " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-08-09
Abstract：矛盾态度不仅影响信息搜索、态度形成和决策行为，而且影响决策后自我评价。本研究构建了一个基于不确定性的中介作用、决策困难水平和结果效价的双调节作用的矛盾态度与决策后自我评价关系模型,三个实验通过设计冲突情境对矛盾态度进行操纵，冲突情境包括选择一所大学和就业企业，运用 SPSS20.0 软件对数据进行分析，发现矛盾态度对决策后自我评价存在积极影响，矛盾态度通过不确定性影响决策后自我评价的中介过程受到决策困难水平和结果效价的调节。矛盾态度和决策困难水平对不确定性产生影响，不确定性和结果效价对决策后自我评价产生影响，由于不确定性的分离效应，使矛盾态度和决策困难水平对决策后自我评价产生相互冲突的双重作用结果。当获得负面结果时，相较于低决策困难水平，高决策困难水平的个体，矛盾态度通过不确定性对决策后自我评价产生积极影响；当获得正面结果时，相较于高决策困难水平，低决策困难水平的个体，矛盾态度通过不确定性对决策后自我评价产生积极影响。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-08-08
Abstract： Academics have different opinions regarding the sex difference in trust level. One group of researchers holds the view of sex differences in trust levels, where risk preference theory supports the view that men have a higher level of trust, and the advantages over the women in the prosocial field provide support for women to have a higher level of trust. However, another group of scholars believe that there is no sex difference in trust level, which is based on the gender similarities hypothesis. Although the views of the two groups and their theoretical foundations have been supported to a certain extent; however, they need to be comprehensively analyzed and clarified about their rationality from the perspectives of research paradigms and cultural differences between the East and the West. Future research use trust measurement methods need to be more rationally, then clarify the sex characteristics of trust in the dynamic process of change, and deepen the research on the neurophysiological mechanism of the trust difference between the sexes, thus fundamentally better reveal the issue of sex differences in trust levels.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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