分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2024-05-02
摘要： Face-name memory is a special kind of memory that includes visual and semantic memory. Existing research suggests that name retrieval is located at the final stage of face recognition, but the exact timing has not been fully investigated. This study used ERPs and a method of spatially localizing brain activity to investigate neural mechanisms underlying face-name memory. Participants were given four tasks: perceiving unfamiliar faces, learning face-name pairs, recalling a name by a face, and recognizing familiar faces but without names. We found that recently learned face-name pairs had the same highly activated brain regions as long-term familiar faces, but the long-term familiar faces exhibit larger amplitudes on the P100 component in the ventral occipital cortex and the N400 component in the thalamus and Gpi. Faces that can be recognized by name elicit a stronger response in the N400 component, particularly in the left hemisphere-dominant thalamus, Gpi, hippocampus, and putamen, compared to faces that are only familiar but not known by name. Results suggest that N400 may represent the retrieval of semantic information related to the name and the depth of retrieval of face-name pairs.
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2023-08-15
摘要： Uncommon personal names have become increasingly popular in many countries and cultures over the past decades. However, little is known about the causes. We propose that the emphasis on uniqueness, manifested both as a cultural value at the macro level and as an individual need at the micro level, may account for the widely observed increase in unique-naming practices. We tested these hypotheses in China. Study 1 found that the increasing cultural emphasis on uniqueness (rather than on independence or competition), as a Granger cause, explained the increasing name uniqueness. Study 2 revealed that the increasing individual need for uniqueness (rather than narcissism or self-esteem) explained the higher preference for unique baby names among younger than older generations. Study 3 showed that, in actual naming practices, younger parents emphasized name uniqueness (rather than modernity, positivity, or other features) more than older cohorts. These findings convergently support our hypotheses, highlighting the importance of identifying specific mechanisms underlying psychological and behavioral changes, rather than assuming the rising individualism as a general explanation.
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