Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental dyslexia (DD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, and the prevalence of the comorbidity between these two disorders varies from25% to 48%. This comorbidity not only exposes children to cognitive, behavioral, and psychological impairments but also brings a heavy burden to their families, schools, and society. Hence, intervention for children with comorbidity between ADHD and DD is extremely important and necessary. Based on the hypothesis regarding the pathological mechanism of this comorbidity, previous intervention studies can be divided into two categories as below: 1) Intervention programs based on the phenotype hypothesis, that is, the intervention targeting the core deficits in one of ADHD and DD is predicted to improve the symptoms of the other disorder. For example, the usage of pharmacological intervention targeting ADHD symptoms, or reading intervention targeting dyslexia, or the combination of the two interventions. These intervention programs have been found to exhibit direct benefits on the targeted disorder, but relevant transfer effect and retention effect especially on the symptoms of the other disorder still need to be further checked and examined. Moreover, the combined programs of medication and reading intervention have additive effects as compared to the intervention program targeting only one disorder, but no incremental effect has been found. This lack of interaction of the intervention effects challenges the phenotype hypothesis to some extent. 2) Intervention programs based on the common deficit hypothesis. For example, preliminary benefits have been found in the intervention focusing on processing speed, that is, one of the critical common deficits between ADHD and DD, in which the significantly transfer effect has been observed. Although relevant intervention studies targeting common deficits between ADHD and DD are scarce, previous findings supported the feasibility of these intervention programs and provide some enlightenment for future direction. More studies can be further carried out from the following aspects: Firstly, to design intervention of the comorbidity based on the theoretical hypotheses. On the one hand, it is better to extensively explore the potential core factors regarding the common deficits between ADHD and DD so as to examine the etiology of the comorbidity and to design relevant cognitive training programs; on the other hand, future studies should utilize various types of intervention programs on the basis of the phenotype hypothesis, so as to fully verify the hypothesis and comprehensively investigate the training effects of the corresponding intervention programs. Secondly, more studies with multi-modal techniques are required to explore the etiology of the comorbidity, to systematically evaluate the training effects from the direct, transfer, and retention effects, as well as the possible mechanism underlying the training benefits. Finally, parental intervention and teacher training should be integrated into the intervention system for the children with ADHD-DD comorbidity to form a child-parent-school community, with contributing to the development of these comorbided children via a home-school cooperation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-11-24
Abstract：
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental dyslexia (DD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, and the prevalence of the comorbidity between these two disorders varies from 25% to 48%. This comorbidity not only exposes children to cognitive, behavioral, and psychological impairments but also brings a heavy burden to their families, schools, and society. Hence, intervention for children with comorbidity between ADHD and DD is extremely important and necessary. Based on the hypothesis regarding the pathological mechanism of this comorbidity, previous intervention studies can be divided into the following two categories: 1) Intervention programs based on the phenotype hypothesis, such as pharmacological intervention, reading intervention, and combination of the two interventions. The transfer effect and retention effect of these interventions need to be further studied in depth; 2) Intervention programs based on the common deficit hypothesis, such as intervention focusing on processing speed, one of the core common cognitive deficits between ADHD and DD. Preliminary benefits have been found in this intervention; however, only few related studies can be found. More studies are required to systematically explore relevant intervention effects. Finally, the present review reflected on some major issues and implications of the current interventions for children with comorbidity between ADHD and DD.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-12-31
Abstract： The acceleration of the globalization and the occurrence of trade wars have caused people to be in an insecure state of ontology, that is, people’s ontological security is threatened. Ontological security refers to people’s confidence in the continuity of self-identity and the stability of the surrounding social and physical environment. In the marketing field, some scholars have explored how consumers cope with disruptions when their routine behaviors are disrupted. However, to date, few studies have explored the effects of ontological security threats on consumers’ brand attitudes and the underlying mechanisms. In the current study, we proposed that consumers would prefer their hometown brands when ontological security is threatened. Hometowns can provide people with a sense of security by providing routine daily life and building a personal group identity, thereby recovering their ontological security and increasing the preference for hometown brands. Thus, when people’s ontological security is threatened, they tend to increase their attachment to their hometowns. In addition, we proposed that individuals whose ontological security are threatened can be recovered from natural habitat exposure, and the differences in their hometown brand preferences would be reduced. One pretest and three formal experiments were conducted to test our hypotheses. In the pretest, we used two scenarios (i.e., economic and cultural globalization) as stimuli to examine whether the scenarios could manipulate the participants’ threat of ontological security. In Experiment 1, we tested the effect by which the threat of ontological security influences consumers’ preferences for hometown brands through a 2 (ontological security: threatened vs. not threatened) × 2 (brand: hometown vs. non-hometown) between-subject design. In Experiment 2, we examined the robustness of the effect found in Experiment 1 and tested the mediating role of hometown attachment through a 3 (threat type: ontological security threat vs. life security threat vs. control) × 2 (brand: hometown vs. non-hometown) between-subject design. In Experiment 3, we investigated the moderating role of the natural habitat exposure by a 2 (ontological security: threatened vs. not threatened) × 3 (exposure: natural habitat vs. non-habitat vs. non-nature) between-subject design. Results of the pretest and three experiments supported our predictions. Specifically, the results of the pretest showed that the scenarios we selected could successfully manipulate the participants’ threat of ontological security. Therefore, we used the scenarios in Experiments 1 and 3 for manipulations. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that when ontological security was threatened, consumers were inclined to choose their hometown brand (the willingness to visit the hometown tourist destination was higher). In Experiment 2, we found that the influence of the threat of ontological security on consumers’ preference for hometown brands was replicated in another product category (storage box). This effect was found to be mediated by hometown attachment. We also distinguished between ontological and life securities in Experiment 2. Finally, in Experiment 3, results showed that the influence of the threat of ontological security on consumers’ preference for hometown brands was moderated by natural habitat exposure. When ontological security is threatened, in comparison with non-habitat and non-nature exposure, natural habitat exposure helped people build emotional connections with nature, which could be utilized as a resource to cope with ontological security threats. Thus, people no longer need to seek a sense of security from home attachments. Therefore, no significant difference was observed in the preferences between hometown and non-hometown brands. This study provides some theoretical and practical contributions. First, this study enriches the literature on ontological security by exploring the relationship among ontological security, consumer brand preferences, and decision making. Second, this study expands the literature on brand preferences by focusing on the psychological factors that influence the preferences of hometown brands. Third, we indicate the mediating role of hometown attachment and the moderating role of natural habitat exposure. Moreover, our findings have important practical implications. When the target consumers are individuals whose ontological security is threatened (e.g., immigrants and the elderly), marketers can emphasize the hometown information of the brand, leading to a higher brand preference. Non-hometown brands can use natural habitat contextual cues (e.g., displaying natural habitat-related products and brand images in advertisements) to help consumers build a wider range of place attachments from contextual stimuli, thereby reducing their focus and dependence on hometown brands.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2018-09-13 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract：本研究通过三组实验考察了线性和循环两种时间观对跨期决策的影响。实验1表明与循环时间观的人相比, 线性时间观的人在跨期决策时更倾向于选择近期选项(假设1)。实验2进一步验证假设1, 并且验证了时间感知的中介作用(假设2)。实验3考察了时间标记(有标记 VS. 无标记)对主效应的调节作用(假设3)。实验结果发现, 在无标记情境下, 线性时间观的人们会比循环时间观的人们更偏好近期选项; 而在有标记情境下, 这种效应会被减弱。本研究揭示了时间观可以作为个体是跨期决策偏好的一种影响因素, 并丰富了主观时间感知角度的跨期决策研究。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 文化混搭产品因涉及到不同国家的文化符号的同时呈现, 可能导致母国文化的完整性与生命力受到威胁, 引发外国文化入侵母国文化的感知进而降低消费者的产品评价。本研究从文化混搭产品的营销传播视角出发, 基于前人的研究基础之上, 探讨了不同信息表述框架策略的采用会如何影响消费者的文化入侵感知进而影响他们对文化混搭产品的评价, 并重点探究了它可能存在的两个边界条件, 即消费者的比较焦点和企业的不同解释策略。两个实验的结果不仅再一次验证了前人所得出的研究结论, 即文化混搭产品采用“外国文化−母国文化”的框架策略时, 会使消费者产生外国文化改变了母国文化的感知, 导致消费者对产品的评价要显著低于采用“母国文化−外国文化”的框架策略, 其中感知文化入侵起着完全中介的作用。更重要的是, 深入揭示出上述的这种不同文化混搭框架效应只有在启动的是消费者的差异性聚焦以及企业采用的是属性解释策略时才存在, 而当启动的是消费者的相似性聚焦以及企业采用关系解释策略时, 这一效应将会消失。本研究不仅深入剖析出了引发消费者对文化混搭现象产生排斥性反应的内在机理, 拓展了前人研究结论的普适性, 也为企业的文化混搭产品的营销推广提供了有用的实践启示。
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