Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia, which does not affect activities of daily living. Patients with MCI typically show deficits in memory, attention, executive function, language and speech, which are related to the altered connectivity of large-scale brain networks, such as salience network, frontal-parietal network, and default mode network. MCI is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, but there lacks effective pharmacologic therapy of MCI. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely applied to enhance cognitive functions by modulating synaptic plasticity. However, there is a lack of studies examining effects of rTMS on MCI, and no consensus on its effectiveness and mechanisms has been reached. To address this problem, a literature review was conducted by searching literature in databases of Web Of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and by assessing the quality of included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. The results showed that the studies included in this review had a low risk of bias. Performing high-frequency rTMS on inferior frontal cortex (IFG) and superior temporal cortex (STG) improved attention in patients with MCI, by increasing the excitability of the attention network. High-frequency rTMS of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) improved executive function. rTMS-excitation of dlPFC and precuneus enhanced episodic memory in MCI patients, and its underlying mechanism might be that rTMS improved the encoding function of dlPFC and the retrieving function of ventral precuneus. Based on that the increasing activity of right dlPFC is associated with the decreasing activity of hippocampus, the inhibition of dlPFC improved long-term memory in patients with MCI. Conducting high-frequency rTMS on medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) could strengthen the connectivity among neuronal subpopulations in mPFC, improving the short-term memory of patients with MCI. Based on the strong functional connectivity between posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and hippocampus, performing high-frequency rTMS on parietal cortex could activate hippocampus by the PPC-hippocampus connection, which improves associative memory of patients with MCI. High-frequency rTMS over prefrontal cortex (PFC) improved associative memory, which was related to the additional activation of right IFG and middle frontal gyrus, reflecting a compensatory mechanism in associative memory. rTMS shows effects in improving attention, executive function, episodic memory, long-term and short-term memory, and associative memory in patients with MCI. The improving effects could keep for 30 days, 8 weeks, or 6 months. No significant adverse effects of rTMS were reported in these studies. The major strengths of this review included that the inclusion and the quality assessment of studies followed standard protocol, and that the examinations of the rTMS effects on MCI and its underlying mechanisms were conducted comprehensively in terms of the affected multiple cognitive domains. Future studies should optimize the localization for TMS, extend the evaluation period of intervention effects, and explore how rTMS works in the treatment of MCI combining with neuroimaging technologies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The approximate number system (ANS) underlies the ability to approximately represent numerical magnitude or to estimate the number of a quantity without counting. ANS acuity is a reliable predictive factor of mathematical achievements and is most likely not influenced by educational or cultural factors of general cognitive processing. It is well established that individuals with mathematics anxiety (MA) perform normally in general cognitive tasks but significantly below-average in mathematical tasks such as numerical magnitude processing, computation and mathematical problem solving. Previous behavioral study reported significant negative correlations between MA level and ANS acuity but it remained unclear whether MA individuals are deficient in their ANS functioning. The current study explored the approximate number processing in individuals with mathematics anxiety at a neural level and gathered electrophysiological evidences for ANS deficiency in MA individuals. We selected 31 individuals with high math anxiety and 29 individuals with low math anxiety who were matched for mean general intelligence, rapid visual perception ability, visual searching ability and mean general anxiety level. The participants completed a dot array task both actively and passively as their electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded. In the active dot array task, the participants were required to make judgements on the relative quantities of blue and yellow dots while the ratio of the dots were manipulated to be high or low. In the passive viewing task, the participants were required to complete an irrelevant task to ensure that proper attention was paid to the stimuli while the ratio was also manipulated. We found that the behavioral performances of the two groups were comparable in both active and passive viewing tasks. However, event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed that the high anxiety group had larger P2p amplitudes at the occipital electrodes than the low anxiety group in both active and passive viewing tasks. Furthermore, time-frequency analysis was performed and significant ratio effects were found in the low anxiety group in δ band (1~5 Hz) event-related synchronization (ERS) and β band (29~34 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) while no ratios effects were found in the low anxiety group. The current study provided electrophysiological evidences for ANS deficiencies in individuals with MA. The findings of this study have important theoretical implications for the causes of the impaired mathematical abilities in MA individuals as well as for effective interventions for MA.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-16
Abstract： Rumination refers to the repeated reflection of cause, course, and consequence of a negative event. Brain network studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate that the self-referential processing involved in rumination is associated with alterations in the default mode network, while negative emotion produced by rumination is related to changes in the salience network. The “persistence” property of rumination is associated with altered connections between attention-related networks. Future studies should further examine the causal relationship between rumination and its related brain networks and explore the structural basis of functional networks of rumination to deepen our knowledge about the brain basis of rumination. It is not only in great need to investigate the aging effect on rumination and its underlying brain networks, but also to develop neuromodulation techniques for intervention. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-05-30
Abstract： Abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia, and there is no high-quality evidence that supports the pharmacologic treatment of MCI. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve the whole brain function by eliciting changes in synaptic plasticity. In this systematic review, the effectiveness and neural mechanisms of rTMS enhance MCI patients were analyzed. Future studies should optimize the localization for TMS, extend the period of the intervention effect evaluation, and explore how rTMS works in the treatment of MCI combining with neuroimaging technologies.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-03-16
Abstract：近似数量加工是对大数目物体数量在不依赖逐个数数前提下的估计。行为学研究提示高数学焦虑人群近似数量加工能力下降，但神经机制未明。本研究探讨高数学焦虑个体近似数量加工的神经机制，比较高低数学焦虑脑电活动的差异：(1)行为上无显著组间差异；(2)高数学焦虑组的P2p成分波幅增加；(3)δ频段ERS及β频段ERD无显著数量比例效应，而低数学焦虑组在上述指标的数量比例效应显著。本研究为高数学焦虑人群近似数量加工能力下降提供了电生理学的证据。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 急性应激反应使得个体在紧急情况下迅速调动心理生理资源, 从而更好地面对当前的挑战。本研究采用特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test, TSST), 以心率和唾液皮质醇为应激反应指标, 在控制了性别、年龄和受教育时间三个人口学变量的条件下, 探讨特质焦虑对急性心理性应激反应的预测作用。结果发现：(1) TSST成功地诱发了被试的应激反应, 表现为心率加快和唾液皮质醇含量升高; (2)分层回归结果显示, 特质焦虑对急性应激状态下的心率变化具有预测作用, 对唾液皮质醇变化的预测效应未达到显著水平。上述结果表明特质焦虑和急性应激反应的快反应指标——交感神经系统——密切相关, 特质焦虑水平越高, 急性应激状态下的交感神经系统反应越小。特质焦虑水平较高的个体可能由于长期的焦虑造成心肌细胞的过度消耗, 从而导致急性应激反应受限。
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