Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-07-21
Abstract： As a kind of negative social behavior, aggression not only brings harm to others, but also disturbs social harmony and order and threatens public security. Numerous studies have discussed the inducing factors of aggression, among which social exclusion has been widely concerned as a strong predictor. However, the studies about the association between social exclusion and aggression have shown mixed results. Theoretically, there are two main arguments about the relationship between social exclusion and aggression. The general aggression model suggests that social exclusion triggers negative emotions, hostile cognition, or a high level of physiological arousal, which leads to aggression. While the emotional numbness hypothesis argued that social exclusion causes individuals to be a state of physiological or emotional numbness, which avoids the occurrence of aggressive behaviour. Empirically, the effect sizes of this relationship reported in the existing literature were far from consistent, with r values ranging from -0.02 to 0.74. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the strength of the relationship between social exclusion and aggression and reveal possible moderators.
Through literature retrieval, 92 studies (99 independent effect sizes, a total of 65564 subjects) met the inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effects model was selected to conduct the meta-analysis in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 software, aiming at testing our hypotheses. The results of heterogeneity test illustrated that there was significant heterogeneity among 99 independent effects, indicating that the random effect model is suitable for subsequent meta-analysis. Based on the funnel chart and Egger’s regression test of intercept, no significant publication bias was found in the included studies.
The main effect analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between social exclusion and aggression (r = 0.38, 95% CI [0.34, 0.41]); The moderation analyses revealed that the relationship between social exclusion and aggression was moderated by age, research methods, aggression types (reactive aggression vs. proactive aggression), social exclusion and aggression measurement tools, and research design (cross-sectional study vs. longitudinal study), but not by individualism index and gender.
The results of this meta-analysis can clarify the controversy of the correlation between social exclusion and aggression, indicating that excluded individuals are often accompanied by the increase of aggression level. Future research are encouraged to strengthen the prevention and intervention of aggressive behavior caused by social exclusion among low-age groups, especially preschool children and primary school students.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Loneliness and mobile phone addiction are common phenomena in our daily life, seriously affecting our physical and mental health. Recently, numerous empirical studies have discussed the relationship between these two constructs based on different theoretical perspectives. However, the reported effect sizes of this relationship based on cross-sectional designs are far from consistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to explore the strength and moderators of the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction. One hundred and thirty-one studies consisting of 134 independent samples involving 73, 543 participants were identified and a random-effects model was selected to conduct this meta-analysis. The results of the funnel plot and Egger’s intercept illustrated no publication bias. Furthermore, the results of the main-effect test indicated that there was a moderate and positive correlation between loneliness and mobile phone addiction (r = 0.25, 95% CI = [0.23, 0.27]). Additionally, the moderation analyses revealed that the strength of the relationship was moderated by the type of participants, but not by gender and measurement tools of loneliness and mobile phone addiction. The results supported the compensatory Internet use theory and the deficient self-regulation model. Longitudinal or experimental studies are needed in the future to further explore the direction of the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： In recent years, the age of mental health problems shows a descending trend. Primary school students, as a special group in the critical stage of personal growth, are experiencing increased mental health problems that has caught wide attention from society. If the mental health problems of primary school students are not screened, prevented, and intervened in time, they may develop into lifelong mental diseases, which are difficult to redress and treat. Hence, as the basic premise of improving mental health, it is particularly important to find out the prevalence of pupils' mental health problems, so as to understand their real mental health status, and make targeted detection and intervention in the future. However, the prevalence of primary school students' mental health problems described in literature shows inconsistent results, and the prevalence varied greatly, which has brought confusion to mental health educators and workers. Although some researchers tried to use meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the existing research findings, avoid the influence of biased samples, demographic characteristics, and other factors, and attempt to explore the detection rate of primary school students’ mental health problems objectively and accurately, there were still some deficiencies. Firstly, it only revealed the prevalence of some mental health problems, and did not cover more comprehensive mental health problems. Secondly, it did not specifically analyze the mental health problems in recent 10 years. Finally, the inclusion and discussion of regulatory variables were not specific enough. Therefore, based on the research results in recent 10 years, it is necessary to integrate the prevalence of primary school students' mental health problems and explore its influencing factors by using meta-analysis method. In order to clarify the debate on the different prevalence of primary school students' mental health problems, we analyzed and estimated the detection rate of primary school students' mental health problems in mainland China from 2010 to 2020 and investigated its moderation effects. The meta-analysis technology was used to retrieve the research on anxiety, depression, somatization, withdrawal, sleep problems, aggressive and discipline behaviors in Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Web of Science core collection database from 2010 to 2020. Finally, a total of 101 research and 289396 primary school students were obtained: 9 articles about anxiety, 34 articles about depression, 12 articles about somatization, 10 articles about withdrawal, 11 articles about sleep problems, 13 articles about aggressive behavior, and 12 articles about disciplinary behavior. The software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 and the random effect model was selected for analysis.The results showed that (1) The prevalence of mental health problems in primary school students from high to low were sleep problems (25.2%, 95%CI = [0.16, 0.37]), depression (14.6%, 95%CI = [0.12, 0.18]), anxiety (12.3%, 95%CI = [0.06, 0.23]), aggressive behavior (4.1%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.10]), withdrawal (3.8%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.06]), disciplinary behavior (3.7%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.07]) and somatization (3.6%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.07]); (2) Measurement tools, measurement standards and detection period were the key factors causing the fluctuation of prevalence of mental health problems among primary school students in China. Generally speaking, the overall mental health status of primary school students in China is acceptable except that the prevalence of sleep problems, depression and anxiety are high. In the future, we should develop mental health assessment tools and detection standards suitable for Chinese primary school students to provide support for the prevention and accurate intervention of mental health problems.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： High school is the key period of psychological development, and it is also the frequent period of a variety of psychological problems. The mental health problems of senior high school students not only come from adolescents themselves, but also should attract extensive attention from families, schools and society. In order to improve the mental health of senior high school students and ensure the effective development of follow-up mental health work, it is necessary to understand the detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students in China, so as to master the basic situation of mental health of senior high school students. Although many previous studies have involved the detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students, there is no consistent conclusion on the detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students in China in recent ten years. In order to clarify the detection rates and influencing factors of mental health problems of senior high school students in China in recent ten years, this study makes a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis of the relevant detection rate articles of senior high school students (including higher vocational students) in recent ten years, so as to form a clearer understanding of the general situation of their mental health. Because there are too many indicators involved in mental health problems, this study focuses on the detection rate of two common problems in senior high school students: internalizing problems (including anxiety, depression, sleep problems, somatization, suicidal ideation, and suicide plan) and externalizing problems (including self injury and suicide attempt. In addition, this study also investigated the regulatory effects of publishing age, relevant factors of measurement tools (measurement tools, detection standards, detection time), and demographic variables (grade, region, gender, only child or not, birthplace) on the detection rate of mental health problems. By searching the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Web of Science core collection database from 2010 to 2020, 252 effective literatures were finally obtained, including 48 articles on anxiety, 99 articles on depression, 21 articles on sleep problems, 14 articles on somatization, 29 articles on self injury, and 41 articles on suicide. The results of meta-analysis showed that (1) The prevalence from high to low were depression (28.0%), anxiety (26.3%), sleep problems (23.0%), self-injury (22.8%), suicidal ideation (17.1%), somatization (9.8%), suicide plan (6.9%), and suicide attempt (2.9%); (2) In the past ten years, the mental health problems of senior high school students in China have deteriorated with the passage of time, especially anxiety; (3) The detection rate of mental health problems of senior high school students is affected by the relevant factors of measurement tools (measurement tools, detection standards and detection time); (4) The mental health problems of senior high school students increased with the increase of grade, especially sleep problems; (5) The mental health problems of senior high school students were affected by regions, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. It can be seen that the prevalence of mental health problems of senior high school students in China was affected by the year of publication, measurement tools, detection standards, detection time, grade and region. In the future, efforts should be made to prepare standardized evaluation tools, build a long-term mechanism of mental health education, and focus on the mental health problems of senior class and underdeveloped area senior high school students.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： College students are a huge part and an important member of the young people. Their physical and mental health not only directly affects their own long-term development, but also has a significant influence on the future of the nation. Therefore, the mental health of college students has become the focus of families, schools and even the whole society. In recent years, some studies have conducted meta-analyses on the prevalence of a certain mental health problem (such as depression and sleep problem) among college students in China, but such studies cannot reflect the mental health status of college students comprehensively. And some of the previous studies cannot reflect the current status of contemporary college students’ mental health. Furthermore, the selection of moderator variables was not comprehensive enough to reveal the key factors affecting the prevalence. Therefore, we employed a meta-analysis in this study to estimate the prevalence of typical mental health problems among college students in mainland China from 2010 to 2020, and the moderating effects of publication year, measurement tools and detection standards, detection time, region, birthplace, only child or not were further analyzed. For the selection of indicators, mental health problems were divided into two categories: internalizing problems and externalizing problems. The indicators of internalizing problems include anxiety, depression, sleep problem, somatization, and suicidal ideation, while the indicators of externalizing problems include nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempt. Through the process of literature search and selection, 128 studies (136 effect sizes) of anxiety, 237 studies (244 effect sizes) of depression, 56 studies (58 effect sizes) of sleep problem, 49 studies (49 effect sizes) of somatization, 31 studies (31 effect sizes) of nonsuicidal self-injury, 51 studies (51 effect sizes) of suicide ideation, and 8 studies (8 effect sizes) of suicide attempt were included in this study. Homogeneity test indicated that random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis. The p-curve analysis illustrated no publication bias. Ultimately, the results of the main effect test showed that the prevalence rates of sleep problem, depression, nonsuicidal self-injury, anxiety, suicidal ideation, somatization, and suicide attempt were 23.5%, 20.8%, 16.2%, 13.7%, 10.8%, 4.5%, and 2.7%, respectively. The results indicate that internalizing problems, especially sleep problem and emotional problem, are more serious among Chinese college students compared to externalizing problems. The results of the moderating effect indicated that (1) The prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep problem and suicide attempt among college students has increased significantly in the last decade, while the prevalence of self-harm has declined significantly; (2) The prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep problem, and somatization varied significantly between measurement tools and detection standards, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation differed to a significant extent depending on the detection time. Therefore, the fluctuation of prevalence was accounted by measurement tools, detection standards and detection time. (3) There existed obvious regional differences in the prevalence of sleep problem and suicidal ideation, with the feature of the worst mental health among college students in western China and better mental health among college students in northeastern and central China. (4) The prevalence of mental health problems among demographical variables including gender, only child or not, and birthplace showed no significant difference, which indicated that gender, only child or not, urban or rural areas were not the critical factors influencing college students’ mental health. In summary, by employing the method of meta-analysis, this study is the first study to systematically investigate the prevalence of the typical mental health problems of college students in mainland China from 2010 to 2020. The results clarified the controversy over the inconsistent prevalence in previous studies and explored the main reasons for the inconsistent findings. Thus, this meta-analysis is conducive to promoting subsequent studies and educational practice.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Junior high school students are in a stage of rapid development in physiology and psychology, and they are prone to some mental health problems when facing stressful events in life. In addition, with the advent of the digital age, contemporary junior high school students have become digital natives, and their mental health is facing greater challenges. Therefore, the mental health care of junior high school students is a realistic problem that can not be ignored. The prevalence of mental health problems of junior high school students is an important topic in many fields, but the results of the research on this problem are not consistent, and the detection rate varies greatly across studies, which brings confusion to mental health workers. It is necessary to integrate the original research and draw more general and accurate conclusions from the macro perspective, so as to provide high-quality evidence support for precise intervention of mental health. Therefore, based on literature review, the present study focuses on the prevalence of internalizing problems including anxiety, depression, sleep problems, suicidal ideation, and suicide plans, as well as the prevalence of externalizing problems including self-harm and suicide attempt among junior high school students. By searching the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Web of Science core collection database from 2010 to 2020, we obtained the final effective literatures including 50 articles about anxiety, 95 articles about depression, 21 articles about sleep problems, 26 articles about self-injury, and 30 articles about suicide. We used the software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 and the random effect model for data analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep problems, self-injury, and suicidal ideation were 26.9%, 23.9%, 16.7%, 22.4%, and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of suicide plans and suicide attempts were 6.6% and 3.9% separately. In addition, the moderating effect analysis found that in terms of anxiety, the moderating effects of publication year, measurement tools, detection time, grade, and economic region were significant, but the moderating effects of gender, only child or not and birthplace were not significant. In terms of depression, the moderating effects of measurement tools and detection time were significant, but the moderating effects of publication year, grade, gender, only child or not, birthplace, and economic region were not significant. In terms of sleep problems, the moderating effects of publication year, grade, gender and economic region were not significant. In terms of self-injury, the moderating effects of economic region were significant, but the moderating effects of publication year, measurement tools, grade, gender, only child or not, and birthplace were not significant. As to suicidal ideation, the moderating effects of measurement tools and gender were significant, but the moderating effects of publication year, grade and economic region were not significant. In terms of suicide plans, the moderating effect of grade was significant, but the moderating effects of grade, gender and economic region were not significant. Finally, in terms of suicide attempts, the moderating effect of publication year is significant, but the moderating effects of grade, gender and economic region were not significant. In conclusion, junior high school students faced different levels of mental health problems, among which the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and self-injury rank in the top three. The prevalence of mental health problems of junior high school students showed a deteriorating trend with the development of the years, especially anxiety and suicide attempt. The prevalence of mental health problems of junior high school students is affected by the inconsistency of measurement tools, detection standards and detection time. In addition, the prevalence of mental health problems increased with grade, especially that of anxiety; The prevalence of mental health problems in girls is higher than that in boys, especially that of suicide. Students in the central and western regions in China are more likely to have mental health problems, especially anxiety and self-injury. In the future, we should develop scientific measurement tools and screening standards based on Chinese culture, and establish a dynamic monitoring system of mental health and a school mental health service system.
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2022-01-07
Abstract： Estimating the prevalence of college students’ mental health problems in China can provide evidence support for the improvement of mental health policies and the development of educational activities. A meta-analysis was conducted on the prevalence and influencing factors of major mental health problems among Chinese college students during 2010~2020. The results showed that sleep problem, depression and nonsuicidal self-injury were severer problems among college students. In recent ten years, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep problem and suicide attempt among college students have increased significantly, while the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury has decreased significantly. Measuring tools, detection standards and detection time were the key factors leading to different prevalence. On the whole, the mental health of college students in northeast and central China was better than that in western and eastern China. Gender, birthplace, only child or not were not the key factors affecting the mental health of college students. In the future, we should endeavor to develop mental health assessment tools and determine detection standards that fit Chinese characteristics and are in line with the psychological characteristics of Chinese college students, and on this basis, carry out large-scale screen and control of psychological and behavioral problems.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2022-01-06
Abstract： " The prevalence of mental health problems of senior high school students in China needs urgent attention. It has attracted many researchers’ attention, but their results were inconsistent. In order to clarify the detection rates and influencing factors of mental health problems of senior high school students in China in recent ten years, we performed a meta-analysis using 252 retrieved studies. The results showed that the prevalence from high to low were depression (28%), anxiety (26%), sleep problems (23%), self-injury (23%), suicidal ideation (17%), somatization (10%), suicide plan (7%), and suicide attempt (3%). The prevalence of mental health problems of senior high school students in China was affected by the year of publication, measurement tools, detection standards, detection time, grade, and region. In the future, efforts should be made to prepare standardized evaluation tools, build a long-term mechanism of mental health education, and focus on the mental health problems of senior class and underdeveloped area senior high school students.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2022-01-05
Abstract： The prevalence of mental health problems of primary school students in China were different. In order to integrate the survey results and analyze the causes, meta-analysis was used to synthesize the relevant studies in recent ten years from 2010 to 2020 (101 articles, 289396 subjects). The results showed that: (1) The prevalence of mental health problems in primary school students from high to low were sleep problems (25.2%, 95%CI = [0.160, 0.373]), depression (14.6%, 95%CI = [0.120, 0.175]), anxiety (12.3%, 95%CI = [0.063, 0.227]), aggressive behavior (4.1%, 95%CI = [0.017, 0.099]), withdrawal (3.8%, 95%CI = [0.023, 0.062]), disciplinary behavior (3.7%, 95%CI = [0.018, 0.073]) and somatization (3.6%, 95%CI = [0.017, 0.073]). (2) Measurement tools, measurement standards and detection period were the key factors causing the fluctuation of prevalence of mental health problems among primary school students in China. Generally speaking, the overall mental health status of primary school students in China is acceptable except that the prevalence of sleep problems, depression and anxiety are high. In the future, we should develop mental health assessment tools and detection standards suitable for Chinese primary school students to provide support for the prevention and accurate intervention of mental health problems.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2022-01-04
Abstract： The prevalence of mental health problems of junior high school students is very different in many studies, which fails to provide sufficient basis for the formulation of mental health policy and the construction of mental health service system. In order to identify the overall prevalence of mental health problems and clarify its influencing factors, a meta-analysis of literature retrieved from 2010 to 2020 was performed. The results showed that: (1) Junior high school students faced different degrees of mental health problems, among which the prevalence of anxiety, depression and self-harm ranked in the top three. (2) Some aspects of mental health problems of junior high school students showed a worsening trend with the development of the years, especially anxiety and suicide attempt. (3) The prevalence of mental health problems of junior high school students is seriously affected by the inconsistency of measurement tools, detection criteria and detection time. (4) Generally, the prevalence of mental health problems in junior high school students increases with the grade, especially anxiety. (5) The prevalence of mental health problems among girls is higher than that of boys, especially suicide. (6) Junior high school students in the central and western regions are more likely to have mental health problems, especially anxiety and self-harm, than those in the northeast and eastern regions. In the future, scientific measurement tools and standards should be developed based on the Chinese background, and a mental health dynamic monitoring system and school mental health service system should be established.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-02-11
Abstract： Social media has now become a part of our life, in which selfie is a common information oriented by appearance on social media. It is found that the selfie-related behavior is closely related to the user's body image. The selfie-related behaviors on social media include selfie investment, selfie manipulation, selfie posting, selfie viewing, selfie feedback investment. Since individuals are both publishers and receivers of information on social media, selfie investment, selfie manipulation and selfie posting can be regarded as publisher's initiative selfie behavior, while selfie viewing and selfie feedback investment fall into the category of receiver's reactive selfie behavior. Meanwhile, how selfie related behavior affects body image can be analyzed from two perspectives of initiative and reactive behavior. The process of effect can be divided into body surveillance, standard internalization and appearance comparison. And then the factors in individual, interpersonal and environmental aspects may affect the relations between selfie-related behavior and body image as well as the process of effect. The research in future can be adopted to further explore how selfie-related behavior affects body image by enriching subject sampling, optimizing research design, studying other selfie behavior, paying attention to moderating variables and environmental variables, and discuss the process of self-construction in cyberspace from a theoretical perspective. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-12-23
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-08-07
Abstract： Loneliness and mobile phone addiction are common phenomena in our daily life, seriously affecting our physical and mental health. Recently, numerous empirical studies have discussed the relationship between these two constructs based on different theoretical perspectives. However, the reported effect sizes of this relationship based on cross-sectional designs are far from consistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to explore the strength and moderators of the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction. One hundred and thirty-one studies consisting of 134 independent samples involving 73,543 participants were identified and a random-effects model was selected to conduct this meta-analysis. The results of the funnel plot and Egger’s intercept illustrated no publication bias. Furthermore, the results of the main-effect test indicated that there was a moderate and positive correlation between loneliness and mobile phone addiction (r = 0.25, 95%CI= [0.23, 0.27]). Additionally, the moderation analyses revealed that the strength of the relationship was moderated by the type of participants, but not by gender and measurement tools of loneliness and mobile phone addiction. The results supported the compensatory Internet use theory and the deficient self-regulation model. Longitudinal or experimental studies are needed in the future to further explore the direction of the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2019-02-28
Abstract： Social anxiety has become a serious public health concern in our society. It is imperative to examine risk factors for this problem. Among these predictive variables, self-esteem has been one of the most examined risk factors for social anxiety. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety among Chinese students. However, these results are far from consistency. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to explore the relation between self-esteem and social anxiety among Chinese students, and investigate the moderating effects of measurement tools of social anxiety, participant types, and gender. Through literature retrieval, 58 independent effect sizes together with 32181 participants which met the inclusion criteria of meta-analysis were selected. Heterogeneity test indicated that random effects model was appropriate for the meta-analysis. The results of funnel plot and Egger’s intercept illustrated no publication bias. Main-effect test indicated a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and social anxiety (r = −0.35, 95%CI = [−0.39, −0.31]). Further moderation analyses revealed that the association between self-esteem and social anxiety was moderated by measurement tools of social anxiety, but not by the type of participants and gender. The results supported the fear management theories of self-esteem and the cognitive models of social anxiety. Longitudinal or experimental studies are needed in the future to reveal the causal relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety.
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