Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Maternal behavior is a kind of instinctive behavior with strong motivation and regularity, reflected in a series of care and protection for their pups. Previous studies have shown that maternal behavior does not only affect the emotions, the cognitive and learning abilities of offspring, but also relates to the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the influence of maternal behavior on offspring's psychological functions and behavior has received more and more attention in recent years. A lot of researches have explored the influence of maternal behavior on offspring's psychological functions and behavior and tried to elucidate the mechanisms underlying it. While there is no review to discuss the issues above in details. In the present review, we deeply discussed the effects of maternal behavior on the psychological functions and behavior of offspring. Furthermore, we also tried to explainthe limitations of the previous studies. Lastly, in view of these deficiencies, we put forward some suggestions that might improve the future study work in this field.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： One of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is persistent social dysfunction. The severity of symptoms varies from patient to patient, and there are many different clinical manifestations, such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and ADHD. About 30 percent of people with ASD require psychotherapy and psychiatric care, including medication for behavioral problems. In recent years, many studies have indicated that tactile input can affect social function through regulating the oxytocin system. The affective touch conducted by C-fiber promotes the synthesis and release of oxytocin and enhances social motivation and social preference. And the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin hypothesizes that oxytocin regulates the attention orientation of individuals to social information cues in external situations. For example, oxytocin may enhance aggression and competitiveness of individuals in competitive situations while enhance cooperation in social situations. According to the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, oxytocin increases the salience of social information through enhancing activation of corresponding brain regions. Under this theoretical framework, when social interaction happens, tactile input can enhance the synthesis and release of oxytocin, and oxytocin can also increase the salience of tactile information, which further promotes the occurrence of social interaction. Previous studies have shown that people with ASD have deficits in the oxytocin system. The main manifestations are lower peripheral oxytocin concentration than normal developing individuals and the change of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism（SNP）of oxytocin receptor. People with ASD also show abnormal tactile sensitivity, including hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. At the peripheral level, they manifest abnormal tactile threshold. At the central level, they manifest abnormal activation in the brain’s affective touch processing regions (such as insula). Compared with typical development, people with ASD show lower activation in social brain network, which maybe is the one reason of abnormal tactile sensitivity. Moderate tactile input can promote the synthesis and release of oxytocin. Thus, we can combine the exogenous oxytocin treatment with auxiliary tactile training together in the future intervening measures. And the interventions for social dysfunction need to start as early as possible. Many people with ASD exhibit abnormal sensory sensitivity in early life, which can affect the quality of parent-child interactions. If infant cannot obtain adequate sensory input from early parent-child interaction, it will cause a growth environment similar to sensory deprivation for infant patients with ASD, which will seriously affect future social functioning in adulthood. Based on the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, this article summarizes the possible regulations between touch and oxytocin on social function. We point out that the deficits in the oxytocin system can decrease the salience of touch information in people with ASD, reducing the attention resources in social interaction and affecting the emotional feelings for touch. Abnormal tactile sensitivity results in social avoidance, which decreases the synthesis and release of oxytocin in social contact, decreasing the social motivation and social preference, ultimately resulting in social dysfunction. Exploring the interaction between touch, oxytocin system and social function can help us understand the pathogenesis of social dysfunction, and providing new ideas for the prevention and intervention in the future.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Schizophrenia is a common psychotic disease whose etiology and mechanism are not well defined. It has been shown that the symptoms of cognitive disorder and abnormal thoughts of schizophrenics are associated with the deficit of sensory gating. Sensory gating refers to filter irrelevant sensory information from the external ones and then implement the cognitive process related to attention, so as to respond to prominent stimuli. The pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm is always used to study sensory gating. It has been found that dopamine D2 receptors play a critical role in regulating PPI, but the mechanisms underlying the role of dopamine D2 receptors in regulating PPI remain largely elusive. The review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the regulating effect of dopamine D2 receptors on sensory gating, so as to promote the in-depth study of sensory gating function in schizophrenia.
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2021-04-30
Abstract： Abstract: When conducting the multivariate longitudinal studies, reciprocal relationship and latent trajectory are two of the focusing issues. These two issues could be flexibly combined by other research questions, such as the measurement error, the random factor, as well as the combination of the above topics. Such a combination yields a more complex model definition exploring the longitudinal relations, such as factor cross-lagged model, random-intercept cross-lagged model, trait-state-error model, autoregressive trajectory model, etc. In the study, a factor latent curve model with structured reciprocals model was built as an extension and unified framework including all the components discussed above. The empirical dataset, Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Kindergarten (ECLS-K), was used as an illustrating example. Results indicated that the trait-state-error model best described the data. Finally, we summarized how the results could be interpreted and offered suggestions on model selection for the researchers. "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2019-08-27
Abstract： Transition to motherhood can be a challenging time in a woman’s life, during which she may experience numerous physiological and psychological changes. These normal adaptations, which are essential for the survival and health of the mother and offspring, may be disrupted by maternal stress. Maternal stress can impair maternal behavior, cognitive function and emotional regulation in human mothers and female animals. These disruptive effects are related to the dysregulation of endocrine systems such as glucocorticoids, oxytocin and prolactin, and changes of neurological responses to stimuli involving the maternal circuitry, limbic system and prefrontal cortex. Maternal stress could also impair maternal behavior and psychological function by altering the plasticity of neurogenesis, dendrite and synaptic remodeling.
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