Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-05-13
Abstract： The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in health risk behaviors among children and adolescents. Moreover, these impacts have persisted even as life gradually has returned to normal. The changes in health risk behaviors among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic were primarily observed in the form of excessive screen time, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviors, limited variety in food, irregular eating patterns, staying up late and getting up even later. This study aims to establish a family risk framework to elucidate the mechanisms driving these changes in health risk behaviors. This framework can be integrated with life history theory to provide insights into the lasting effects of these behaviors in the post-pandemic era. Future research should focus on long-term tracking of the developmental trajectories of health risk behaviors among children and adolescents. Moreover, there is a critical need for more empirical research to explore the complex interplay between family-related risk factors, life history theory, and health risk behaviors in this demographic. These research efforts will provide universal approaches for addressing children and adolescents’ health issues in situations such as major unforeseen events and natural disasters.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-04-29
Abstract： Objective:This study aims to further reveal the influencing factors of Internet addiction by studying the chain mediating effect of rejection sensitivity and peer alienation on the relationship between parenting style and Internet addiction.
Methods:The subjects were 373 students in Grade one and Grade two of a middle school in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. The method of questionnaire survey was adopted, and the survey tools used included the simplified Family Parenting Style Scale (S-EMBU),the Rejection Sensitivity Scale, the peer alienation dimension of Parent-Child Peer Attachment Scale(IPPA) and the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). SPSS25.0 was used to analyze the recovered data.
Results:(1) Positive parenting style was negatively correlated with rejection sensitivity, peer alienation and Internet addiction.
(2) Negative parenting styles were positively correlated with rejection sensitivity, peer alienation and Internet addiction.
(3) There are gender differences in positive parenting style, rejection sensitivity and peer alienation, indicating that boys have higher scores in positive parenting style than girls, while girls have higher scores in rejection sensitivity and peer alienation than boys.
(4) Rejection sensitivity and peer alienation play a chain mediating role in the influence of negative parenting styles on Internet addiction.
(5) Rejection sensitivity and peer alienation play a chain mediating role in the influence of positive parenting styles on Internet addiction.
Conclusion:Adolescents’ rejection sensitivity and peer alienation play a partial mediating role in the influence of parental rearing style on Internet addiction, that is, teenagers’ parents adopt positive parenting style, will reduce adolescents’ rejection sensitivity, thus reducing the generation of peer alienation, and finally reduce the degree of Internet addiction. If parents adopt negative parenting style, it will increase teenagers’ rejection sensitivity, increase the phenomenon of peer alienation, and finally increase their degree of Internet addiction.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2024-04-23
Abstract： As a crucial component of cognitive function, mathematical ability plays an essential role in an individual’s future development. Previous studies have highlighted significant differences in this ability between children from high and low family socioeconomic backgrounds. Executive functioning are the most reliable factor in explaining this disparity. However, fundamental questions remain about the mediating role of executive functioning in this relationship: (1) The role of specific subcomponents of executive functioning in their relationship. (2) The differences in the impact of socioeconomic status on various mathematical abilities through these executive functioning subcomponents. (3) The variations in the role of executive functioning in the relationship between socioeconomic status and both current and future mathematical abilities. Accordingly, our study explored the impact of socioeconomic status on the second and third graders’ mathematical operations, logical reasoning, and spatial imagination abilities, as well as the mediation role of interference inhibition, response inhibition, and working memory. A total of 185 second-grade students were followed for 20 months in two assessments. At the beginning of second grade, children were assessed on their working memory through forward and backward digit span tasks; their interference inhibition was assessed with the Stroop task; and their response inhibition was assessed via the Go/No-go task. Children’s socioeconomic status was assessed using their parents’ educational levels, occupational status, and Family Affluence Scale. The Chinese Rating Scale of Pupil’s Mathematics Abilities, which included subtests for addition, subtraction, number sequence, length estimation, and cube counting, was utilized to assess the children’s mathematical calculation, logical thinking, and spatial imagination abilities. We explored the main effects of socioeconomic status on children’s current and future mathematical abilities using structural equation modeling and simultaneously developed multiple mediation models to investigate how executive functioning components mediate these relationships. The results indicated that the three types of mathematical abilities in second graders showed significant improvement over the 20-month period; socioeconomic status in the second grade directly predicted mathematical abilities at the same grade level; and socioeconomic status could indirectly predict mathematical calculation abilities in the second grade and logical thinking abilities in the third grade through the mediating role of working memory. It is concluded that the present study extends previous research that has explored the mediation role of executive functioning between socioeconomic status and mathematical ability, demonstrating that working memory is a crucial cognitive factor that contributes to the explanation of this mechanism. It provides a scientific basis for educational and research professionals to develop interventions aimed at enhancing the mathematical abilities of children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-04-21
ZENG Zihao
LIU Shuangjin
YANG Qin
WANG Hongcai
LIU Chengzhen
ZHAO Qian
MENG Li
HE Zhen
LIU Xiuru
HUANG Ning
HU Yiqiu
Abstract： Adolescence has been conceptualized as a second ’sensitive period,’ marked by neuroendocrine developmental changes that heighten sensitivity to the environment. Faced with an increase in stressful life events, particularly those involving interpersonal relationships, there is a continuous rise in the incidence of internalizing and externalizing issues during adolescence, which negatively impacts personality development, academic performance, and physical health. Prior research consistently supports that positive and healthy interpersonal relationships significantly enhance adolescents’ social adaptability and levels of well-being. Conversely, negative interpersonal relationships, especially those characterized by danger and hostility, lead individuals to develop negative cognitive patterns and self-assessments, thereby increasing the risk of psychological crises. Additionally, certain genetic traits also influence the adolescent social adjustment. Although the risk of social adjustment is influenced by multiple factors, the potential for interactions between genetics and the environment remains promising, garnering attention from researchers in psychology, psychiatry, and epigenetics. Given this backdrop, this study aims to explore the moderating role of genetic risk in different forms of environmental stress and adolescent social adjustment (including depressive symptoms, prosocial behavior, and self-injure) through the assessment of multilocus genetic variations and the measurement of a critical environmental risk factor, namely, parent-child relationship.
Using questionnaires and DNA typing techniques, 700 adolescents (14.15 ± 0.63 years old) were selected from a junior high school in Hunan Province by whole group sampling. After obtaining informed consent from the school, parent and participants, they completed Parent-child Intimacy Questionnaire, Childhood trauma scale, Short Form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Prosocial Tendencies Measures and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory. The genetic samples were sent to a professional biotechnology company for DNA extraction and typing. In study 2: The participants recruited in Study 1 via an experimental flyer. They completed emotional Stroop task and dictator games.
The results indicate the following: 1) HPA axis MGPS was only associated with mother-child relationship, and there were significant bidirectional correlations between parent-child relationships, Childhood trauma, depressive symptoms, prosocial behavior, and self-injure. 2) Utilizing the multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) approach, in the context of the depression equation, whether in the father-child relationship model or the mother-child relationship model, the interaction effect between parent-child relationships and Childhood trauma strengthens as the HPA axis system’s MGPS increases. 3) The interaction effect of G×E×E was found to impact adolescent prosocial behavior only in the mother-child relationship model. Furthermore, this interaction becomes significant when the standard deviation of the MGPS exceeds -0.14. 4) No G × E × E triadic interaction was detected in the parent-student relationship model. Subsequent binary interaction test between Childhood trauma and MGPS revealed that as MGPS increased, the impact of Childhood trauma on adolescents self-injure increased. 5) Results from three sensitivity analyses also demonstrate that multigene hereditary research exhibits greater efficacy and stability. 6) Supplementary evidence indicates the presence of the main effect of parent-child relationships in accuracy and response time for emotional words. Additionally, the interaction effect of G×E×E was identified in the mother-child relationship model.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the HPA axis multilocus genetic profile score moderates the adolescent stress sensitivity. Specifically, the HPA axis MGPS moderates the interaction between Childhood trauma and parent-child relationships, affecting adolescent social adjustment. Moreover, individuals with high genetic sensitivity exhibit a pattern consistent with the differential susceptibility model, wherein they display lower levels of depressive symptoms, self-injure, and higher prosocial behavior in positive environments, while the reverse holds true in adverse environments.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-04-09
Abstract： Anxiety disorders reach their peak prevalence during adolescence, significantly impacting young individuals’ physical and mental health. Current insights into the pathogenesis, evolution, and treatment of adolescent anxiety predominantly focus on fear processing at a conscious level, overlooking a crucial aspect: the prefrontal cortex and its top-down control functions are not yet fully developed in adolescents. Therefore, applying a top-down mechanism to clinical treatment for adolescents may have limitations. Moreover, exploring automatic fear processing may help to extend the knowledge about the pathogenesis of anxiety in adolescents. This is the first research combined with unconscious perception to explore the occurrence, development, and mechanism of anxiety in adolescents. Recruiting adolescents who are in anxiety or vulnerable to anxiety as subjects and integrating paradigms used for examining unconsciousness, we aim to explore: 1) the occurrence and development of unconscious fear processing, along with its underlying neural mechanisms in adolescents, and the impact of chronic stress hormones; 2) the role of unconscious fear processing in the development of anxiety in adolescents; 3) the noninvasive intervention for unconscious fear in adolescents.This project will provide scientific support for the prevention, recognition, and intervention of anxiety in adolescents and to promote all-round development of adolescents in physical and mental.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-04-08
Abstract： Parental coping socialization encompasses the interactive process through which parents impart cognitive, emotional, and behavioral strategies to their offspring, aiming to equip them with the essential abilities to effectively manage and navigate challenging situations. Empirical research, considering perspectives such as long-term developmental timelines, real-time contexts, and their integrations, has explored the implications of parental coping socialization, revealing its unique effects on the adjustment of children and adolescents. This study integrates these two models and proposes a dynamic process theory model of coping socialization based on a dynamic systems perspective. It refines the mechanisms of parental coping socialization in the adjustment of children and adolescents, considering both the long-term developmental and real-time situational timelines. This comprehensive model encompasses both the individual level of children and adolescents and the dyadic level of parent-child interactions. Future research can investigate the universality of parental coping socialization effects, delving deeper into the mechanisms by which parental coping socialization influences children and adolescents’ adjustment and their bidirectional relationships. This knowledge would provide a scientific basis for applying and promoting parental coping socialization in family education and clinical interventions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-03-29
Abstract： Parent-child communication is pivotal in children’s education, with both parties actively engaging in discussion and influencing each other. These daily interactions are widely acknowledged as significant contributors to children’s developmental outcomes. While existing research has focused on examining parental effects or bidirectional relations over time, our understanding of child-driven versus parent-driven effects in momentary interactions remains limited. Furthermore, considering that children aged 5 and 6 have gained increased autonomy and self-regulation abilities, it is imperative to examine the dynamic processes within parent-preschooler dyads. In the current study, we used dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to explore the bidirectional associations between parenting behaviors and child behavioral responses during a conflict discussion task. Our aim is to determine whether the momentary interaction process is primarily driven by parents or by children themselves.
The study included 113 Chinese parent-child dyads (59 boys, Mage = 5.81 years). During the laboratory visit, the parent-child dyads were video-recorded engaging in a conflict discussion. Specifically, they were prompted to discuss a negative episode with the potential to lead to conflict in their daily lives. Trained observers rated parental supportive behavior, non-supportive behavior, child positive behavior, and child negative behavior on 4-point scales in 15-second epochs. Also, observers coded the resolution of the conflict discussion as compromise, win-loss, or standoff. For data analysis, we employed DSEM with Bayesian statistics to assess changes in parental parenting behaviors and child behavioral responses in their momentary interactions during the discussion task. Further, we conducted regression analysis to examine the effects of parental and child behaviors on the resolution of the conflict discussion.
The findings revealed that: (1) increases in children’s negative behavioral responses in a given 15-second epoch predicted increases in parental non-supportive parenting behavior in the next epoch; (2) children’s positive behavioral responses primarily predicted the resolution of the conflict discussion, with higher levels of positive behavior in children contributing to more constructive conflict resolution.
The current study provides evidence for the child-driven effect in moment-to-moment parent-child communication, highlighting the active role of preschoolers in shaping parent-child interactions. Our findings underscore children as proactive agents in their own socialization process and offer valuable insights for parenting practices. Specifically, parents should be mindful of their own non-supportive parenting behaviors when responding to their children’s negative reactions. To achieve constructive conflict resolution, it is crucial for parents to guide their children in developing positive strategies for behavioral regulation. Overall, our findings have practical implications for fostering effective parenting practices and nurturing healthy parent-child relationships.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-03-28
Abstract： Sharing our positive feeling with friends or turning to them for help when we are sad is immensely common in daily life. The process by which an individual consciously regulates the emotions of others is called interpersonal emotion regulation. Differ from intrapersonal emotion regulation, interpersonal emotion regulation is influenced by the emotional state of both parties. This study aims to elucidate this influence on interpersonal emotion regulation, including interpersonal emotion regulation effect and strategy selection. Experiencing the same emotions helps to identify other’s emotion and help them control their emotions. If so, we can validate the mood-congruence effect in interpersonal emotion regulation and further explore the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, we used an adapted emotion selection paradigm. 51 pairs of best friends (experiencers and regulators) were randomly chosen from one university and filled out the Friendship Quality Questionnaire prior to the experiment. Each pair of best friends completed the experiment in two separate and quiet rooms. During the formal experiment, both of them were presented with different emotional events and their emotional state were recorded before and after the experiment of interpersonal emotion regulation. And then, the experiencers were asked to anticipate the strategy that the regulator may use. After that, the experiencers were first asked to share their emotional events or mood with the regulators and seek for help via WeChat. The regulators completed emotion regulation after receiving the help signals. The results showed the emotional consistency effect, that is, when the emotions of both sides(experiencers and regulators) were consistent, comparing with the regulation effects when the emotions were inconsistent, both the interpersonal regulation effect of experiencers and the self-regulation effect of regulators were better. Meanwhile when the emotions were inconsistent, negative emotions were preferentially regulated whoever in that emotion state. In addition, only in interpersonal regulation of negative emotions, the strategy matching degree is affected by the emotional state of the regulators. Experiencers experienced better interpersonal regulation in negative emotional states than in positive emotional states.
Based on the finding in Study 1, we speculate that the emotional consistency effect in interpersonal emotion regulation may partly originate from the preferential processing of negative emotions. By sorting through the previous literature, we thought that self-regulation by the regulators may led to the allocation of cognitive resources. Therefore, in Experiment 2 we set up an emotional congruence situation to verify our hypothesis. We randomly recruited 88 friend pairs from one university and divided them into three groups to participate in the experiment, including control group, self-focused attention group , friend-focused attention group. The procedure is similar to Experiment 1. And the difference is that in Experiment 2, the regulators were asked to adjust their attention tendencies to manipulate the cognitive resources allocated to interpersonal emotion regulation, and both of experiencers and regulators were presented with same emotional events. The results revealed that only in negative emotions state, the self-focused attention group has worse interpersonal emotion regulation effect and lower strategy matching degree than those of the friend-focused group.
These suggest that: (1) In interpersonal interaction, the effect of regulating the negative emotions of others is better than that of regulating the positive emotions. (2) Emotional consistency effect exists in interpersonal emotion regulation. That is, the effect of interpersonal emotion regulation is better when both of experiencers and regulators are in the same emotional state. When the emotional states are inconsistent, the regulators preferentially regulates the negative emotions whoever in that emotion state. (3) Only when interpersonal regulating negative emotions occurs, the allocation of cognitive resources caused by attention focusing on friend can effectively improve the strategy selection and regulation effect.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-03-24
Abstract： Mnemonic discrimination (MD) refers to the ability to accurately distinguish similar memory experiences, which relies on a neural computing mechanism known as pattern separation. Currently, mnemonic similarity task (MST) is commonly employed to measure and study MD. The elderly tend to exhibit a noticeable decline in MD. This decline is proved to be associated with damage to the structural and functional integrity of the medial temporal lobe, which occurs during the aging process. Some researchers have also suggested that the aging of the neocortex can influence MD. Given its reliance on the medial temporal lobe, MD can reflect abnormal brain structural damage and functional decline in the early stages of cognitive impairment. Thus, MST has significant potential in early identification of cognitive impairment. To further explore the causes of the decline in MD, future studies should employ more advanced imaging techniques to separately investigate the effects of aging in the dentate gyrus and CA3 subregion on MD. It is also critical to explore the neural mechanisms underlying age-related changes in MD, with a particular focus on neocortical regions like the prefrontal cortex. Large-scale prospective cohorts should also be established to validate the effectiveness of MST in early identification of cognitive impairment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-03-10
Abstract： Currently, depression is increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents, thereby raising concerns about emotional dysregulation in this population. The pivotal role of emotional regulation ability in maintaining emotional stability and effectively managing one’s emotional state during adolescence is becoming more apparent. Understanding the dynamic nature of emotion regulation and its multi-stage processing is crucial for comprehensively elucidating the characteristics and causes of emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents. To capture the dynamic nature of emotion regulation, the extended process model divides the emotion regulation process into three stages: identification stage, selection stage, and implementation stage, highlighting their mutual influence. Building upon this model, our study examines the characteristics of depressed adolescents across these three stages of emotion regulation, revealing deficiencies within each stage. Given the interconnectedness and continuity between these stages, future research can systematically investigate which specific impairments or disruptions in emotional dysregulation affect subsequent stages among depressed adolescents; to what extent they do so; and whether directive interventions can mitigate such effects. To achieve this goal more comprehensively, we propose employing the following methods: 1) integrating EEG technology with drift diffusion models to reconstruct the dynamic process of emotion regulation; 2) conducting a comprehensive investigation on individuals with varying degrees of depressive symptoms during adolescence; 3) focusing on dual aspects of abnormal emotional reactivity to explore intervention pathways and measures targeting emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-02-26
Abstract： China has now embarked on the new journey of rural revitalization from poverty eradication to the elimination of absolute poverty. The scientific topics of evaluating the living conditions after poverty alleviation, grasping the negative impacts of poverty experiences and changes on child development, and understanding the internal mechanisms are becoming crucial for rural revitalization. Considering the cumulative effects of poverty during growth, there are more potential poverty-related conditions that need to be considered. Besides, how children process and perceive the relevant information after experiencing poverty has often been the determining factor to their development. This study focuses on school-aged children in China who have experienced poverty, aiming to construct a multi-dimensional poverty model that is applicable in the current context. Based on scarcity theory, cognitive and fMRI experiments are proposed to examine the impact of poverty on children's executive function with scarcity theory, and reveal its attention and neural mechanisms. This study intends to provide a new intervention perspective for the cognitive development in impoverished children and support the healthy rural construction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-01-20
Shunsen Huang
Xiaoxiong Lai
Cai Zhang
Xinmei Zhao
Xinran Dai
Mengdi Qi
Huanlei Wang
Wenrong Wang
Yun Wang
Abstract： Adolescents frequently encounter elevated levels of digital stress by exposure to digital media (e.g., smartphone stress). Their ongoing brain development increases adolescents’ susceptibility to digital stress, making them more vulnerable to its adverse effects. Among digital devices, smartphones are the most widely used ones by adolescents and a primary source of digital stress. The current study aims to investigate the robust association between digital stress, specifically smartphone stress, and adolescent mental health. The study also aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this association.
In Study 1, a multiverse-style analysis was employed to investigate the robust relationship between smartphone stress and mental health (depression and well-being) in a large sample of adolescents (N=74,178, male=39,129). This method was chosen for its robustness of various data manipulations to test the effect of interest, and median β and NSRPD (number of significant results in predominant direction) were used as statistical inference indicators of the effect. In Study 2, we conducted an intensive longitudinal design to examine the mechanism of how smartphone stress affects mental health among adolescents (N=477, female=214, Mage=12.67±.31). Before intensive longitudinal design, we assessed smartphone stress, well-being, and depression (T1). Subsequently, daily rumination (consecutive 17 days, T2) and daily negative mood (consecutive 18 days, T3) were assessed over a 35-day period. Upon intensive longitudinal design, we once again measured well-being and depression (T4). We found that rumination, negative emotion (NE), and rumination-NE (serial mediation) mediate the link between smartphone stress and mental health (smartphone stress-depression model, smartphone stress-well-being model).
Study 1 indicated that over half of adolescents (52.6% of grade 4 students and 78.2% of grade 8 students) experienced smartphone stress. Furthermore, smartphone stress strongly and robustly predicted depression (Median β = 0.37, p < 0.001, NSRPD = 160/160, p < 0.001, partial r2 = 0.172) and well-being (Median β = -0.14, p < 0.001, NSRPD = 160/160, p < 0.001, partial r2 = 0.011). Effect sizes from both outcomes (partial r2 > .010) are capable to inform policy and the public sphere. Study 2 revealed that rumination intensity, negative emotion intensity, and rumination-negative emotion intensity mediate the relationship between smartphone stress and depression. However, no mediation was found for rumination or negative emotion fluctuation. In smartphone stress-well-being model, negative emotion intensity and rumination-negative emotion intensity, but not rumination intensity, mediated the association between smartphone stress and well-being. Moreover, negative emotion and rumination-negative emotion fluctuation, but not rumination fluctuation, mediated the association between smartphone stress and well-being. Therefore, the intensity and fluctuation of rumination and negative emotion are common mediators in the relationship between smartphone stress and depression/well-being, while the effects of mechanisms are outcome-dependent.
The findings pinpoint the significant and robust effect of smartphone stress on depression and well-being among adolescents. The mediation of rumination and negative emotion in the relationship between smartphone stress and mental health probes into the mechanism of this relationship. These results support classic theories (e.g., the Emotional Cascade Model) and confirm and enrich the recent Media use-Digital stress-Mental health model. These findings could also inform future interventions for mental health problems related to smartphone stress.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-17
Abstract： Picky eating is a common dietary issue among children characterized by lack of variety of foods consumed due to rejection of familiar (or unfamiliar) foods. The influencing factor model of picky eating behavior in children indicates that environmental and cognitive factors are key elements influencing this. Studies have found that instrumental feeding exacerbates picky eating behavior in children. However, due to the relatively young age of children in previous studies, research on the relationship between instrumental feeding and picky eating behaviors in school-aged children is insufficient. Furthermore, the brain plays a central role in guiding eating behavior; however, to date, limited neuroscientific research on the neural basis of picky eating behaviors in school-aged children exists. This study aimed to utilize resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data combined with a machine learning method to explore the neural basis of picky eating behaviors in children. Additionally, it attempted to show the neural mechanisms through which instrumental feeding influences picky eating behavior.
A total of 139 children were recruited for this study. Instrumental feeding and picky eating behaviors were assessed through parent-reported measurements and rs-fMRI was conducted. A total of 87 children were included in the formal analyses as those who did not participate in the two behavioral measurements and with unqualified rs-fMRI scans were excluded. This study utilized regional homogeneity and functional connectivity to evaluate the resting-state neural substrates of picky eating behaviors. Subsequently, a machine learning method is employed to validate the stability of our results. Additionally, a mediation model was constructed to investigate the mediating role of resting-state neural substrates in the relationship between instrumental feeding and picky eating behavior.
Results showed that picky eating behavior was positively correlated with regional homogeneity in the right caudate. Functional connectivity results showed that picky eating behavior was positively correlated with functional connectivity between the right caudate and left putamen. A prediction analysis based on a cross-validation machine learning method indicated a significant correlation between picky eating behavior scores predicted by the aforementioned neural substrates (i.e., regional homogeneity in the right caudate and functional connectivity between the right caudate and left putamen) and the actual observed picky eating behavior scores. The mediation model further suggested that functional connectivity between the right caudate and left putamen could mediate the relationship between instrumental feeding and picky eating behavior. Specifically, instrumental feeding might negatively influence the functional connectivity between the right caudate and left putamen, and further reduce picky eating behavior.
By combining resting-state regional homogeneity and functional connectivity analyses, this study detected altered functional brain activity related to picky eating behaviors in children aged 9 to 12. Specifically, hyperactive neural interactions within the brain areas involved in sensory sensitivity and reward processing may explain the manifestation of picky eating behavior in children. Additionally, instrumental feeding negatively influences picky eating behavior through brain activity in regions involved in sensory sensitivity and reward processing. This study provides new insights into the resting-state neural substrates of children's picky eating behavior, extends the influencing factor model of children's picky eating behavior, and provides theoretical support for interventions to improve poor picky eating behavior in children through parental feeding practices.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-16
Abstract： This study aims to explored the association between the potential categories of online risk exposure and the mental health of Junior high School students. A sample of 1178 Junior high school students was recruited in the study to complete the Online Risk Exposure Scale, Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index Scale, Self-esteem Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale. The results found that female, family economically disadvantaged and academically struggling Junior high school students have higher mental disturbance; The results found that there were three potential categories of online risk exposure, security group, harmful content exposure group, and risk group; The three categories differed in their performance in mental health. In terms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, the risk group scored the highest, followed by the harmful content exposure group, and the security group scored the lowest. In terms of self-esteem and Subjective well-being, the security group scored the highest, followed by the harmful content exposure group, and the risk group scored the lowest. This indicates that there is significant group heterogeneity in online risk exposure among Junior high school students. In the future, phased prevention can be carried out according to the characteristics of different populations.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-16
Abstract： Background Short video apps are very popular among Chinese college students, and some students even rely on them. Most of the current research only focuses on Internet addiction, and seldom pays attention to the phenomenon of short video addiction. Its influencing factors and formation mechanism are worth exploring.
Objectives This study aims to explore the relationship between social exclusion and short video addiction among college students, and the mediating roles of boredom and self-control.
Methods This study adopted a Multi-stage investigation and investigated 532 college students (39% males; mean age 19.32 ± 1.23 years) with social exclusion scale, boredom proneness scale, self-control scale, and short video addiction scale. The mediating effect was tested with Process 3.1.
Results The results showed that social exclusion could directly affect short video addiction. Moreover, boredom and self-control can independently mediate the association between social exclusion and short video addiction. Furthermore, boredom and self-control can sequentially mediate the association between social exclusion and short video addiction.
Conclusion Theoretically, this study modified the I-PACE model , indicating that behavioral addiction, such as short video addiction, should consider personal and distant social factors. Practically, the results suggested that schools should reduce peer rejection and improve students' mental health literacy to reduce boredom and enhance self-control, thus effectively preventing short video addiction.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-16
Abstract： Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the short version of the Child Abuse Self Report Scale (CASRS‑12) in Chinese college students. Methods: A total of 980 college students were investigated, of whom 418 were investigated for the first time, and only filled in the CASRS‑12. In the second survey, 514 subjects filled in the CASRS‑12, general anxiety scale, self-esteem scale and subjective well-being scale. Results: Each item of the CASRS‑12 had a good discrimination. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model of the scale, and the fitness indicators were χ2/df=4.18，RMSEA=0.079，CFI=0.95，TLI=0.94，IFI=0.95，NFI=0.94. The cumulative explained variance is 76.05%. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of the scale were 0.86 and 0.74 respectively. The CASRS‑12 was positively correlated with depression scale (r=0.42, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with self-esteem scale (r=-0.33, p<0.01) and subjective well-being scale (r=-0.32, p<0.01). Conclusion: The Chinese version of CASRS‑12 meets the measurement standards and could be used to measure the level of childhood abuse of college students.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-16
Abstract： Background: Many studies have analyzed the relationship between family cohesion and depression, but there are different views and the results are inconsistent. It is necessary to use meta-analysis to explore the relationship between family cohesion and depression and its influencing factors.
Methods: Chinese database (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and English databases (ERIC, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, Elsevier SD, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and ProQuest dissertations and theses) were searched for articles published by November 2023. Family cohesion measurement tools, depression measurement tools, study design, age, gender, cultural background, and sampling year were analyzed as moderators. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model in CMA3.0 software.
Results: A total of 71 studies (90,023 participants) were included in this study. The meta-analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between family cohesion and depression (r=-0.31, 95% CI -0.35, -0.27 ). The association was moderated by family cohesion and depression measurement tools, design type, and cultural background, but not by age, gender, or sampling year.
Limitations: The sample size included in this research is relatively small in European and African cultures, making it challenging to analyze cultural differences in the study results at present comprehensively.
Conclusions: The findings contribute to the ongoing debate between Social Support Theory and The Circumplex Model, showing that individuals with lower family cohesion tend to experience higher levels of depression.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-15
Abstract： Objective: To explore the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescent onlinegameaddiction and the mediating role of deviant peer interaction. Methods: 808 adolescents were investigatedbyparentalphubbing scale, deviant peer interaction scale and online game addiction scale. AMOS26.0 was usedtotest themediating effect. Results: Parental phubbing was positively correlated with online game addiction (r=0.23, p<0.01)and deviant peer interaction (r=0.19, p<0.01), and deviant peer interaction was positively correlated withonlinegame addiction (r=0.23, p<0.01). Deviant peer interaction plays a partial mediating role between parents' lowerself-esteem and online game addiction. Conclusion: Parental phubbing can not only directly affect onlinegameaddiction but also indirectly increase the risk of online game addiction by promoting deviant peer interaction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-01-15
Abstract： Objective To explore gender difference and its influencing factors of fear ofmissing out. Methods Literature search was carried out in 12 databases in China and abroad. Atotal of 118 eligible studies (including 120 effect sizes) were selected by EndNoteX9, with a timespan from 2013 to 2023. CMA3.0 combined with random effects model was used for statisticalanalysis. Results The main effect analysis showed that the gender difference of FoMOwas notsignificant. The moderating effect showed that the female's FoMO was significantly higher thanthe male's in adolescence, but the opposite was true in adulthood. The FoMO is significantlyhigher in domestic men than in women, but the opposite is true in foreign countries. Using theSong Xiaokang version of the scale, the score of male FoMO was significantly higher than that offemale, while the other tools were opposite. The moderating effects of publication age andpublication type were not significant. Conclusion The gender difference in fear of missing out isaffected by age, sampling area, and measures of FoMO, so it is necessary to analyze the situationin scientific research and intervention.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-12-29
Abstract： Family dysfunction, characterized by a family's inability to fulfill its roles or the absence of positive characteristics, is a crucial factor influencing the mental health of children and adolescents. However, the nature of this relationship remains a subject of debate. To gain a relatively comprehensive understanding of the link between family dysfunction (both subjective and objective) and mental health (both positive and negative) in children and adolescents, this study employed a three-level meta-analysis. It drawn upon the family systems theory and the two-factor model of mental health as foundational frameworks. We reviewed and screened literature published up to March 1, 2022. Ultimately, 97 studies were included in the analysis, encompassing 173 effect sizes and 130,227 participants.
The main effect analysis revealed that single-parent families adversely affect the mental health of children and adolescents, exacerbating mental health issues. Other factors such as parental divorce, incarceration, substance abuse, mental illness, and subject family dysfunction also contribute to worsening mental health issues in this demographic. Additionally, the moderating effect analysis indicated that the negative impact of single-parent families is more pronounced in boys. Furthermore, in collectivist cultures, the detrimental effects of parental incarceration on children's and adolescents' mental health are more significant.
Overall, the findings from this meta-analysis supported the family systems theory. The study highlighted the importance of paying closer attention to the positive aspects of mental health in children and adolescents from dysfunctional families. It also suggested that interventions should be tailored to account for gender and cultural differences.
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