Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2023-08-21
Abstract： With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, interactions between children and robots have become increasingly frequent. The research outcomes in this domain can be summarized into three processes: children’s understanding of robots, their interactions, and the effects of these interactions on child development. In terms of understanding, children are more readily attracted to anthropomorphic appearances of robots, tend to explore robots based on interest, and often perceive robots as living or quasi-living entities. During interactions, children are more inclined to accept robots as intimate companions, seeking emotional comfort and a sense of protection, but may also bully them. Interacting with robots enhances children's cognitive and metacognitive abilities, learning interest, social willingness, and empathetic skills. However, due to robots’ inability to provide appropriate reproach and feedback, there is potential for negative implications on a child's social development. Future research should expand on design, methodologies, and depth, attempt longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, refine evaluation techniques, delve deeper into the reasons and contexts for child-robot interactions, and be mindful of associated ethical issues.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology Subjects: Management Science >> Enterprise Management submitted time 2023-03-16
Abstract：
[Objective] Consumers often share their shopping experiences with others. The strength of different social relationships can impact a consumer's word-of-mouth behavior, especially when an unpleasant purchase occurs. While some studies have explored that interpersonal closeness plays an important role in a social context, little has been known about how this diverse range of relationships affects consumers' word-of-mouth behavior in the case of?consumption failures. Previous research has shown that consumers are more likely to spread negative information to individuals with whom they have high (vs. low) levels of interpersonal closeness. However, these studies have only taken a binary approach to classifying interpersonal closeness, ignoring the what would happen when the closeness was on the middle level. Literally, the impact of the diversity of relationships needs further investigation.
[Methods]In this study, the impact of interpersonal closeness on consumers' word-of-mouth intention after a consumption failure was explored through six experiments, both online (Experiments 1, 2, and supplementary Experiment 1) and offline (Experiments 3, 4, and supplementary Experiment 2), in common social settings. Based on the literature on the attitudinal ambivalence literature, this research uses the SIM model to determine the level of motivation conflict and examines the U-shaped impact of interpersonal closeness on word-of-mouth intention
in the event of a consumption failure. Experiment 1 (N=143) is a between-subject design with a single factor of three levels of interpersonal closeness (low vs. medium vs. high). Participants were randomly assigned to different groups and asked to imagine a negative hotel service experience. They then had the opportunity to share the experience with others and answer related questions. The reading materials for the different experimental groups varied only in terms of the manipulation statement for interpersonal closeness. Experiment 2 (N=155) was designed to verify the mediating role of motivation conflict. The manipulation method for interpersonal closeness was changed and the stimulus material was changed to a poorly performing cell phone purchase. Participants answered related questions after reading the materials. Experiment 3 (N=126) was conducted in an offline airport waiting room to simulate a more natural face-to-face communication setting. The
social background of the experiment was transferred from WeChat to the waiting room. The U-shaped relationship between interpersonal closeness and word-of-mouth intention was verified and the mediating effect of motivation conflict was determined. Experiment 4 (N=298) is a 3
(interpersonal closeness: low vs. medium vs. high) × 2 (merchant responsibility: low vs. high) between-subject design to validate the moderating effect of merchant liability. The stimulus material describes a negative private custom tour experience, and interpersonal closeness and merchant
responsibility were manipulated. In the low merchant responsibility condition, the merchant only provided relevant reference options and the consumer chose the travel route. In the high merchant responsibility condition, the consumers chose the strongly recommended travel route provided by the merchant. The domestic samples were recruited from a professional survey website (Credamo) 3 and completed online questionnaires, while the foreign samples were recruited from another professional survey website (Prolific). Samples can be considered representative of the mainstream consumer group.
[Results]The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Consumers are least likely to discuss their negative consumer experiences in front of objects with medium interpersonal closeness, compared to low and high interpersonal closeness, therefore there is a U-shaped relationship
between interpersonal closeness and word-of-mouth intention. (2) The cause of this difference lies in the conflict between the motivation to protect others' interests and the motivation to protect self-image: when faced with individuals of medium interpersonal closeness, consumers are most concerned with protecting their self-image, which leads to a high degree of motivational conflict and results in the lowest willingness to spread word-of-mouth. (3) The level of responsibility taken by merchants moderates the effect of interpersonal closeness on word-of-mouth intention. When merchants take low responsibility, the effect of interpersonal closeness on word-of-mouth intention is U-shaped. However, when merchants take high responsibility, consumers' motivation to protect their self-image decreases in the presence of individuals with medium interpersonal closeness, causing the motivation to protect others' interests to become dominant and leading to low levels of
motivational conflict. This results in an increase in word-of-mouth intention as interpersonal closeness increases, yielding an approximately linear effect of interpersonal closeness on word-of-mouth intention.This study contributes to the important fields of word-of-mouth communication,
social relationships, and word-of-mouth intention, and provides valuable insights for marketing professionals involved in market research, word-of-mouth management, social media operations, and marketing.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2022-11-07
Abstract： With the integrated development of big data technology and cultural psychology, computational cultural psychology came into being as a novel interdisciplinary research field, which makes large-scale cultural analysis possible. The key variables of computational cultural psychology are mainly about individualism and collectivism, and the big data technologies (e.g., feature dictionaries, machine learning, social networks analysis, and simulation) have been used to analyze the cultural change effect from the temporal perspective and cultural geography effect from the spatial perspective. It should be noted that there are several limitations in Computational Cultural Psychology, including decoding distortion, sample bias, semasiological variation, and privacy risk, although new method and paradigm are provided. In future directions, theoretical interpretation of variables, cultural dynamics, interdisciplinary integration, and ecological validity should be seriously concerned.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2022-05-19
Abstract：
The sense of agency refers to the experience of "I am the initiator of actions, controlling the external world". Temporal binding, which is related to the sense of agency, refers to the subjective compression of the perceived time interval between voluntary action and its action outcome. Previous studies have explored the effect of emotional valence on temporal binding by setting the predictability of emotional valence as the control variable. However, the effect of the predictability of emotional valence on temporal binding remains unknown. This study explored the effect of the predictability of emotional valence of action outcomes on temporal binding, based on the hypothesis that temporal binding is stronger when emotional valence is more predictable.
This study used Libet’s clock paradigm to investigate the effect of the predictability of emotional valence of action outcomes on temporal binding. A 2 (predictability of emotional valence, within: predictable vs. unpredictable) × 2 (stimulus modality, between: auditory vs. visual) mixed design was employed. A total of 60 participants were randomly assigned to one of two between-subject conditions, resulting in 30 in the auditory group and 30 in the visual group. There were two main phases of the study. During the baseline phase, the participants in the two groups were asked to either press the key at a freely chosen point from 2,560ms to 5,120ms or perceive the auditory/visual stimulus randomly from 2,560ms to 5,120ms after the trial start. Next, they were asked to estimate the position of the clock hand at the onset of either the key-press or the stimulus. During the operant phase, participants were also asked to press the key at a freely chosen point from 2,560ms to 5,120ms. The key-press would cause the auditory/visual emotional outcome (negative, neutral or positive) following a delay duration of 250ms. Next, they were asked to estimate the position of the clock hand at the onset of either the key-press or the emotional outcome. When the emotional valence was predictable, there would be a fixed emotional outcome to the key-press (negative, neutral or positive) in 80% of trials and the other remaining emotional outcome in 20% of trials. When the emotional valence was unpredictable, the key-press would result in one of the three emotional outcomes.
The results showed that temporal binding was enhanced when the emotional valence was predictable. Furthermore, when emotional valence was predictable, the outcome binding was stronger in both the auditory and visual groups, whereas the action binding was stronger only in the visual group.
In conclusion, the predictability of emotional valence is an important factor affecting temporal binding. The predictability of emotional valence can enhance outcome binding in both auditory and visual modalities, but can only enhance action binding in the visual modality. This may be due to the difference between action and outcome binding mechanisms or between the timing systems of auditory and visual stimuli. These results have an important implication for the interactive design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) since temporal binding is the main index of the sense of agency.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2022-04-22
Abstract：
In virtual reality (VR), rotating the head to select a moving target is common. A moving target involves two general directions, that is movement toward (chasing) or away (interception) from a user; thus, knowing the characteristics of the two movements is important when designing an efficient user interface.
In this study, 17 participants (7 males; mean age = 22.5 ± 2.5 years) were given an Oculus Rift helmet-mounted display to wear and instructed to complete a task in a VR environment. They were required to position a small opaque sphere (cursor) that appeared randomly on the left or right side of the visual field into a larger half-transparent moving sphere (target) on the other side of the visual field quickly and accurately by rotating their head. The target moved randomly toward or away from the cursor horizontally, which were both at the participants’ eye height, with a depth of 3 meters. The diameter of the cursor was fixed at 4°. The initial movement amplitude (A; distance between the center of the cursor and target; 20° and 40°), target tolerance (TT; size difference between the target and cursor; 4°, 6°, and 8°), and target’s moving velocity (V; 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2 m/s) were varied. The cursor movement paths were recorded and divided into three phases: acceleration, deceleration, and correction.
Results showed that A and TT had a similar influence on the total movement time (MT) for both movements, and the total MT increased as A increased and TT decreased. Moreover, V had an inverse effect on the total MT for the two movements. A large V led to a long total MT for the chasing movement, whereas the total MT for the interception movement decreased as V increased. In addition, the interception movement showed a light U-shaped relationship between the total MT and V, with the lowest point at 1.5 m/s when A was 20°. The two movements were further compared in the three phases, and the MT outcome showed that only TT had the same effect on both movements. Specifically, in the acceleration phase, MT increased for the chasing movement but decreased for the interception movement as A decreased and V increased. In the deceleration phase, MT was positively related to A but negatively related to V for both movements. In the correction phase, the increasing V and reduced TT increased MT for both movements, and only the MT for the chasing movement was positively proportional to A. The MT difference between the two movements was observed in the acceleration and deceleration phases, whereas the MT for the two movements was indistinguishable in the correction phase. Based on the findings, a model was proposed to depict the relationship between the total MT and three factors, which fit the participants’ performance well.
This study showed that the chasing and intercepting movements had different characteristics. Selecting a receding target was more difficult than selecting an approaching target via head rotation, and A and V, but not TT, had a different impact on human performance for the two movements. The empirical findings suggested the importance of considering both movements separately when designing a user interface. The model provides a valid method for quantitatively evaluating the characteristics of moving targets.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2021-10-28
Abstract： Virtual reality creates an immersive experience for users by providing visual, auditory, and tactile information. However, tactile feedback still faces many technical bottlenecks, which limit natural interaction in the virtual reality environment. Pseudo-haptic technology based on multi-sensory illusion can enhance and enrich tactile perception with the help of information from other channels, which is one of the effective ways to optimize tactile perception in the virtual reality environment. In order to explore the problem in a more targeted way, the study focuses on roughness perception among different dimensions of tactile perception. We discuss the multi-sensory channel integration of visual, auditory, and tactile in roughness perception, then analyze how the visual cues (density of surface texture, light and shadow, control display rate) and auditory cues (pitch/frequency, loudness) affect roughness perception, moreover, summarize the methods of changing roughness perception by manipulating these cues. Finally, we discuss the differences of visual, auditory, and tactile information between virtual reality environment and real-world in representation and perceptual integration when using pseudo-haptic feedback technology, proposing practical solutions and future research directions to improve the tactile experience. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2021-06-08
Abstract： Automated driving (AD) is one of the key directions in the intelligent vehicles field. Before full automated driving, we are at the stage of human-machine cooperative driving: Drivers share the driving control with the automated vehicles. Trust in automated vehicles plays a pivotal role in traffic safety and the efficiency of human-machine collaboration. It is vital for drivers to keep an appropriate trust level to avoid accidents. We proposed a dynamic trust framework to elaborate the development of trust and the underlying factors affecting trust. The dynamic trust framework divides the development of trust into four stages: dispositional, initial, ongoing, and post-task trust. Based on the operator characteristics (human), system characteristics (automated driving system), and situation characteristics (environment), the framework identifies potential key factors at each stage and the relation between them. According to the framework, trust calibration can be improved from three approaches: trust monitoring, driver training, and optimizing HMI design. Future research should pay attention to the following four perspectives: the influence of driver and HMI characteristics on trust, the real-time measurement and functional specificity of trust, the mutual trust mechanism between drivers and AD systems, and ways in improving the external validity of trust studies. " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2021-05-24
Abstract： For autonomous vehicles driven in road context with pedestrians, it is essential to ensure safe and efficient interaction with pedestrians. To that end, autonomous vehicles of high level (e.g. above L3) are usually equipped with an external human-machine interface (eHMIs) to communicate with pedestrians. An overview of current studies shows that the current external eHMIs mainly conveyed vehicle status (whether it is in auto mode), intentions, and road-crossing advice to pedestrians in visual modalities such as text, icon, projection, etc. These eHMIs have been evaluated to determine their effect on pedestrian’s crossing intention, speed, and accuracy in real as well as simulated contexts. However, a user-centered design of eHMIs should systematically support pedestrian information processing needs during road crossing decision making. To fill the gap, a conceptual model was proposed to capture pedestrian’s dynamic road crossing decision-making when interacting with autonomous vehicles. The model integrated pedestrian’s road crossing decision-making process and the situation awareness theory. Based on the model, eHMIs should promote pedestrian’s perception, comprehension, and the projection of the vehicle’s intention. To support the perception of the displayed information, eHMIs should adopt multiple modalities’ interfaces to convey the vehicle’s information, and consider presenting information on media beyond the vehicle, such as the street infrastructure and the electronics of pedestrians. To support comprehension of the displayed information, pedestrians need to be trained. More importantly, the information should be carefully designed with an appropriate massage perspective and standardized formats. In the projection phase, vehicle motion information as a traditional yet intuitive way to convey the vehicle’s future intentions can be strengthened and integrated with eHMI to assist faster and more accurate decision-making. Besides the simple one-to-one context of interaction, future research should also explore how the design of the interface impacts pedestrians in the context of multi-pedestrian and multi-vehicle contexts. Theoretically, exploration is also needed on how the eHMI supports the formation and update of their situation awareness and how it affects mental models in human-vehicle interactions.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2021-01-15
Abstract： [Objective] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of scarcity on panic buying as well as the uderlying psychological path and its boundary. [Methods] Study 1 explored the impact of scarcity through objective indicators using bigdata.Study 2 implemented a nationwide online survey with high ecological validity during the outbreak period. Study 3 conducted three experiments by priming scarcity in different public emergencies. [Results] Scarcity intensified panic buying (study1-3), and the sense of control and panic serially mediated this strengthening effect (study 2-3). However, this serial mediation effect was only supported in the emergent public crisis with high-risk (study 3a, 3C), but was not supported in the emergent public crisis with lower-risk (study 3b). [Limitations] The chained mediation model between sense of control and panic cannot explain the psychological mechanism of scarcity caused by panic buying in the emergent public crisis with low risk perception. Future research needed continue to explore. More objective indicators of scarcity and panic buying are worthy of further investigation. [Conclusions] In the high-risk emergent public crisis, scarcity aggravates panic buying through reducing the sense of control and then increasing panic. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2020-11-16
Abstract： The proportion of pedestrian casualties involving mobile phones during road crossing keeps increasing. The distraction from mobile phone affects both pedestrian information processing and behavior. Compared with non-distracted pedestrians, pedestrians using a cellphone have a narrower scope of attention (esp. in the peripheral visual field), making it more difficult to perceive visual and auditory cues in traffic scenes. They are also more likely to miss street crossing opportunities or make risky decisions. As for the motor control ability, using cell phone also led to altered gait patterns and declined action stability. Although these impairments are modulated by specific task types (e.g. conversing vs. browsing), the distraction of mobile phones generally increases the risk for pedestrians crossing the street. To integrate these findings, a conceptual model was proposed on the effect of mobile phone distraction on pedestrians’ information processing and behavior. Based on the model, future research needs to evaluate how mobile phone distraction affects pedestrian auditory information perception, and its impacts on sub processes within the gap acceptance decision-making to develop targeted interventions.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2020-10-26
Abstract： " How do people process and communicate spatial information with others in spatial dialogue is a widely studied issue in the domain of spatial cognition. The scholars have found that there is a common phenomenon in spatial dialogue that people who communicate with their partners in spatial dialogue will achieve alignment at different representational levels, such as spatial terms, spatial frames of reference, and viewing perspectives. The physical characteristics of the spatial scene and the collaboration between people will affect the degree of representation alignment. The physiological basis for realizing representational alignment is the consistency of the neural activities of the speakers and listeners. In the future, we can continue to explore the mechanism of representation alignment, such as the relationship between representational alignment and individual spatial preferences, and how partners’ characteristics affect the degree of this alignment.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2018-11-19
Abstract： As one of the major limitations in organizational creativity and innovation research, much endeavor has been focused on idea generation rather than on idea recognition. Recognizing creative ideas among many options is the most crucial stage in the long process of organizational innovation, and contributes more to its success than generating ideas does. The critical role of decision maker’s mental model—the knowledge and belief structure that individuals use to describe, interpret, predict outside world, and to make judgment and decisions—on idea recognition has yet been examined. By adopting Csikszentmihalyi’s (1988, 1999) system view of creativity, the current study aims a) to demonstrate the difference in idea recognition accuracy between decision makers holding a fixed mindset or a growth mindset; b) to reveal the mediating effect of decision makers’ uncertainty tolerance decision makers; and c) to investigate the moderating effects of idea features and the pattern of organizational innovation practice. The current study contributes to organizational creativity and innovation literature by introducing a new perspective to this field. Also, decision makers can gain insight on how to avoid costly mistakes by reflecting on and modifying mental models of their own."
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