Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-11-26
Abstract： During the COVID-19 pandemic, all age groups’ mental health has substantially declined. Compared to other age groups, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health problems was more salient, particularly on depression and anxiety. Previous studies, which were primarily conducted during the phase of COVID-19 pandemic, have mainly covered the first and second phases of COVID-19-related prevention and containment in China, without adequate attention being paid to the third and fourth phases of COVID-19-related prevention and containment in China. The present study thus investigated the developmental trajectories of depression and anxiety among adolescents, as well as the potential antecedent (psychological resilience) and outcome (prosocial tendency) of such trajectories in the late phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. In this study, 1170 adolescents in Shandong province were assessed at three time points with a six-month interval (Time 1=May 2021; Time 2=November 2021; Time 3=May 2022) from the normalization period of the pandemic through self-report questionnaires. The adolescents completed Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale during the three measurements. Furthermore, all adolescents completed the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale at Time 1 and Prosocial Tendencies Measure at Time 3. According to the results of the latent growth curve models, adolescents’ depression and anxiety levels tended to decline. The higher the level of depression and anxiety at Time 1, the slower the decline over time. Furthermore, psychological resilience at Time 1 negatively predicted initial levels of depression and anxiety but positively predicted the decreasing speed of depression and anxiety trajectories. Concerning the outcomes, we found that the initial level and speed of depression trajectories significantly and negatively predicted the levels of prosocial tendency at Time 3. Regarding the anxiety trajectory, its intercept factor negatively predicted prosocial tendency at Time 3, but its slope factor’s predictive effect was non-significant. Finally, multi-group analyses revealed that both boys and girls showed declining trends in depression and anxiety over time, while girls scored significantly higher on depression and anxiety initially than boys. In conclusion, this research found that the changes in mental health (particularly depression and anxiety problems) among Chinese adolescents in the late phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were developing well, which provides empirical evidence for better construction of adolescent mental health service systems in China.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2022-08-08
Abstract：
Action video games are probably one of the most popular and mentally challenging games in e-sports. The skill profile of AVG's professional players is unclear. Targeting professional players and higher-ranked players, professional action video game players had faster selective attention, better sustained attention and multiple-object tracking performance. Professional players also had better working memory capacity. In particular, the spatial working memory capacity advantage was prominent. In addition, the professionals were less susceptible to the attentional blink effect. The better attentional performance of the professionals may be related to the higher P3 amplitude. The working memory capacity of the professionals was associated with plastic changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right posterior parietal cortex. Professionals also had enhanced inte-rnetwork functional connectivity between central executive network and other networks. The degree of cognitive promotion from game training is not enough to bridge the cognitive gap between professionals and novices. Basic cognitive abilities had limited predictions of game performance. In the future, we can extend the cognitive studies of the decision-making, chunking or patterns recognizing based on the spatial location of game characters.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2021-11-05
Abstract： Motor learning by analogy is based on the principle that a simple biomechanical metaphor that makes motor behaviour easier to understand by integrating the complex rule structure of motor skills. In the process of motor skill learning, performance in response to instructions presented as an analogy is more robust under pressure, distracting situations and high-complexity decision-making conditions. However, the effect of analogy learning is affected by an individual’s motor level, the instruction content and an individual’s cognitive factors. This review contends that previous studies may have exaggerated the effect of working memory in analogy learning and proposes the attention focus-reinvestment-working memory model of motor skill learning by analogy in which attention focus, reinvestment and working memory jointly affect the improved performance in analogy learning. Further research can be carried out to balance the number of instructions, change the method of instruction provision, standardize the compilation and evaluation of instructions, focus on the selection of exercise tasks and elucidate the neural mechanism of analogy learning. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2021-04-26
Abstract： Social mindfulness refers to the ability of an individual to sense others’ states during interpersonal interactions, his or her willingness to respect others’ choices, and his or her ability to transfer rights. Exploring the psychological structure of social mindfulness against the background of Chinese culture is important for cultivating a friendly and harmonious society. This study explored the psychological structure of social mindfulness with a lexical method. In Study 1, 59 high- and 24 low-social mindfulness words were selected by word frequency analysis and multiple rounds of discussions. After being evaluated by 43 professionals and 232 nonprofessionals, 40 social mindfulness words were selected. In Study 2, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Sample 1 (n = 351) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Sample 2 (n = 307) were conducted to obtain a three-factor structure for social mindfulness; these structures include kindness and respect, tolerance and understanding, and optimism and open-mindedness. Additionally, a social mindfulness lexical rating scale (SMLRS) with 18 words was formed. In Study 3, we used the same method as in Study 2 to explore the structure of social mindfulness (EFA: Sample 1, n = 377; CFA: Sample 2, n = 220) through scenario descriptions. Then, a new 17-item social mindfulness self-report scale (SMSRS) and a model with two second-order factors and four first-order factors for the internalization of social mindfulness were generated. Both the SMLRS and SMSRS have good reliability and validity and can be used as measurement tools in follow-up research. Through lexical analysis and psychometric analysis, we explored the psychological structure of social mindfulness, which contains two second-order factors and four first-order factors, in Chinese culture. In this model, the two second-order factors were agreeableness and extraversion, and the four first-order factors were kindness and respect, humility, optimism and open-mindedness, and tolerance and understanding. From a theoretical point of view, we established a vocabulary of social mindfulness, verified social mindfulness’s second-order four-factor psychological structure, provided a new empirical basis for the higher-order factor theory of personality, and enriched our knowledge of personality and social behavior against the background of Chinese culture. From a practical point of view, the definition of social mindfulness plays a positive role in moral education in the field of education, in the training of employees in the field of organization and in the construction of mentality in the sociology field.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-01-12
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-11-05
Abstract： The filtering efficiency is the mechanism to inhibit irrelevant items from entering visual working memory, studies have shown that it can be measured through working memory capacity or representation precision. The neural processes underlie filtering efficiency are the presence of distractors, initiation of filtering, and filtering success/unnecessary storage, which are orchestrated by the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia, the posterior parietal cortex. The filtering efficiency’s changing directions are affected by age, mental/neurological disorders, emotions, cognitive characteristics et al. Future studies should further clarify the relationship between filtering efficiency and working memory capacity, identify the mental process of filtering efficiency, explore the brain mechanism of filtering efficiency among various groups, and improve the ecological validity of experimental paradigms.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-27
Abstract： Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) is mainly used to explore visual attention and memory for multiple objects in dynamic contexts. Earlier studies focused on the influencing factors and processing mechanisms of the tracking process. An increasing number of recent studies have used MOT to evaluate and train different populations, including children, the elderly, patients with neurodevelopmental conditions, drivers, athletes, video game players, and other occupational groups. In general, a trend has emerged whereby the better the performance of MOT, the better the professional performance in complex and fast dynamic contexts. Conversely, poorer performance of MOT indicates that cognitive functioning may be immature or declining. In addition, MOT can also be used as a means of cognitive training to improve the cognitive function of the elderly and patients with neurodevelopmental conditions and improve the professional performance of various occupational groups. MOT should be considered for future use as it has enormous potential as a method of evaluation and training. This can be further improved in various ways, including strengthening the simulated training of special occupational groups, expanding the target populations, combining MOT with stereoscopic vision and real scenes, taking physical activities during MOT, exploring MOT with multi-person cooperation, and using MOT for the evaluation and training of emotional and social functions.
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