Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-04-09
Abstract： Bayesian and predictive coding theories have been instrumental in elucidating sensory processing aberrations observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, these theories have sparked considerable debate within the scientific community. In this paper, we focus on non-social visual information, presenting a comprehensive examination of theoretical nuances and consolidating empirical evidence across three key dimensions: Bayesian inference, predictive coding processes, and predictive coding precision. Generally, hypo-priors and sharper likelihood hypothesis based on Bayesian inference merely provide descriptive insights into visual processing abnormalities associated with ASD. While perspectives emphasizing the predictive coding process enhance the specificity of visual processing aberrations, they fall short of offering a fully explanatory framework. On the other hand, hypotheses centered on predictive coding precision provide theoretical foundations, yet require further refinement of the theoretical details and their validity necessitates testing through refined empirical studies. Future research should generalize the specificity of predictive processing in ASD, test the theoretical content from the perspective of subjective experience of ASD, and examine the changes of predictive functioning in the growth of ASD through a developmental perspective.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-01-04
Abstract： Intervening in the proliferation of health rumors presents a significant challenge in the era of social media. This paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of health rumor dynamics, identifying driving factors at the intersection of information and information processing entities. Utilizing the Information Lifecycle Theory, we delineate this phenomenon into three distinct stages: generation, evaluation, and dissemination. A systematic exploration of intervention strategies is undertaken across these stages. During the generation phase, a preventative approach takes precedence, emphasizing activities such as instilling psychological resilience in the public and enhancing individual health literacy. Shifting to the evaluation stage, the focus sharpens on individual agency, with particular attention to information accuracy and the promotion of analytical processing. In the dissemination phase, precision in debunking is achieved through bolstering the credibility of refutation information, effectively employing refutation texts, and regulating individual emotional states. Future research endeavors are encouraged to further innovate intervention strategies under the framework of the information lifecycle. This involves a meticulous examination of refined intervention methods tailored to diverse rumor types and susceptible populations. Additionally, emphasis is placed on the synthesis and validation of real-world application effects, leveraging insights from behavioral science and online platforms to establish enduring mechanisms for effectively intervening in health rumors.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Biomedical approaches to study depression focus on the explanation and intervention of the proximate cause of depression by exploring specific pathogenic genes and neuropathological mechanisms, while the theoretical medical studies of the origin of depression discuss the ultimate historical cause of depression, mainly through theoretical reasoning based on empirical results. Those theories can be classified into three perspectives. First is the evolutionary adaptation perspective, which suggested that depression originates from the adaptive mechanisms coping with evolutionary pressure, represented by the social adaptation hypothesis and the individual adaptation hypothesis. Second is the functional disorder perspective, which assumes that depression originates from the dysfunction of normal moods and emotions, represented by the mismatch explanation and gene distribution explanation. Third is the social culture perspective, which believed that depression originates from social-cultural constructed concepts, represented by the social-cultural construction viewpoint and knowledge development viewpoint. There are different tendencies of the meaning and essence of depression under three perspectives, either of essentialism or constructivism. Theoretical integration and evidence base are needed for developing more comprehensive interpretation frameworks.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： With the criticism by behavioral economics on the rational man assumption and the accumulation of empirical evidences in the field of judgement and decision making, public policy researchers increasingly paying closer attention to the exploration of psychological and behavioral mechanism of human being in real life. These studies tend to use psychological measures, such as satisfaction and trust indicators that embody public interests and subjective feelings, to assess the performance of public policy. Besides, relevant psychological effects and technologies are employed to improve quality and efficiency of public administration and foster social fairness and justice. It is recommended that studies of public policy in China should learn the experience of two matured organizations, which are Behavioral Insights Team in UK and Social and Behavioral Sciences Team in US, clarify the connotations of this discipline, establish think tanks, and conduct researches based on China’s actual conditions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The process of individual’s risk perception on medical information can be understood from the perspective of information processing. The influencing factors of risk perception on medical information are categorized into three aspects, namely, the source of medical information, the content and form of medical information, and the subject of information processing. The cognitive mechanism of individual’s risk perception on medical information was discussed based on experience-analysis processing theory and verbatim-gist processing theory. This study recommends increased attention to balance the general and specific studies of risk perception on medical information. Moreover, the standard and specific measurements should be combined, and research in the context of China’s medical system should be expanded. Furthermore, a series of theoretical and empirical research should be developed, and preventive measures and evidence-based supporting policies must be established.
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2022-07-30
Abstract： Meta-analysis is a crucial tool for accumulating evidence in basic and applied research. In the open science era, meta-analysis becomes an important way for integrating open data from different sources. Meanwhile, because of the great researchers’ degree introduced by multiple-step and multiple-choices in each step of meta-analysis, the openness and transparency are crucial for reproducing results of meta-analysis. To (1) understand the transparency and openness of meta-analysis reports published in Chinese journals and (2) improve the transparency and openness of future meta-analysis by Chinese researchers, we developed a Chinese version of checklist for meta-analysis, which was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA) and the principle of openness and transparency, and then surveyed the methods and results of 68 meta-analysis papers in mainstream Chinese psychological journals in last five years. Our results revealed that openness and transparency of Chinese meta-analysis reports need to be improved, especially in the following aspects: the date/time and limitation of literature search, the details of screening and data collection, the flow chart of article screening, the details of effect size transformation, and the evaluation of individual research bias. The checklist we present, which lists almost all aspects that an open meta-analysis should include, can be used as a guide for future meta-analysis.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-01-20
Abstract： A vaccine safety scare is defined as the phenomenon in which the public’s distrust of the validity and safety of vaccination is triggered by negative vaccine-related media reports or vaccine conspiracy theories. Such misinformation further leads to a dramatic drop in the vaccination coverage or willingness of individuals to be vaccinated domestically or globally. Together with the influence of the negative prior beliefs of vaccination and the experiential processing and gist extraction of individual cognition, this information gains further social amplification during its dissemination in society. Current psychological counter-strategies to address vaccine safety scares mainly consist of belief inoculation, reconstruction of risk perception, and satisfaction of informational needs and emotional appeals. However, the ecological validity of these methods remains unexplored. In addition, sharing positive vaccine information should be encouraged to debunk vaccine misinformation.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-04-29
Abstract： Exploring the process of individual risk perception on medical information from the perspective of information processing. The influencing factors of risk perception on medical information are categorized into three aspects, namely, the source of medical information, the content and form of medical information, and the subject of information processing. The cognitive mechanism of individual risk perception on medical information was discussed based on experience-analysis processing theory and verbatim-gist processing theory. This study recommends increased attention to balancing the general and specific studies of risk perception on medical information. Moreover, the standard and specific measurements should be combined, and research in the context of China’s medical system should be expanded. Furthermore, a series of theoretical and empirical research should be developed, and preventive measures and evidence-based supporting policies must be established. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-09-05
Abstract： 采用反驳文本范式对患方进行知识修正，提升患方对医方的信任和道德判断。预实验编制反驳文本并验证其有效性，实验1验证反驳文本可以显著提高患方的对医信任和道德判断，并发现医疗结果是影响患方信任和对医道德判断的重要因素。实验2和实验3探究了反驳文本有效性的作用机制及适用普遍性，发现不确定性容忍度和宽容度在反驳文本和患方信任及道德判断之间呈链式中介作用，且反驳文本可脱离医学情境提升普遍患方信任。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-08-14
Abstract： In order to compile the Chinese Doctor-Patient Trust Scales, after a series of analysis of pre-tested, such as items analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, 9 items of the Patients’ Presupposed Trust Subscale, 13 items of the Patients’ Realistic Trust Subscale and 8 items of the Physicians’ Trust Scale were established. And in this way, a preliminary test was conducted on 2658 patients and 1229 doctors in a convenience sampling manner nationwide. The results of both tests show that the Patients’ Trust Scale can only be used as a single-dimensional total scale, while the Physicians’ Trust Scale can be divided into two dimensions: “relationship perception” and “defense mentality”. The internal consistency coefficients of the Patients’ Presupposed Trust Subscale, the Patients’ Realistic Trust Subscale, and the Physicians’ Trust Scale are 0.71, 0.85, and 0.63 respectively. The parameters of the criterion validity and confirmatory factor analysis are all within the acceptable range. The validity of the expert evaluation of the test is adequate. The Patients’ Presupposed Trust Subscale can be used to understand the general trust level of the patients to the doctor community from the intergroup level. The Patients’ Realistic Trust Subscale can be used to understand the patients’ special trust level to the specific doctor from the interpersonal level; The Physicians’ Trust Scale can be used to assess the trust of the physician in the individual patient they are receiving. The combination of the three can be used to assess the trust matching between doctors and patients. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-11-16
Abstract： Lay theories of illness are a collection of lay people’s knowledge, explanations, and attitudes toward a particular disease. Compared with medical professionals, lay people are more concerned with the pathogenic effects of psychological, family and social factors than biological factors. They choose diverse medical treatments rather than follow the standardized medical model; they are more willing to treat the disease experience as a special issue of personal life and develop a constructive understanding. The discrepancies between lay theories of illness and scientific medical theories can lower patient’s satisfaction with medical care, trust in medical practitioners, and adherence to doctor’s advice, thereby affecting treatment outcomes. It is believed that studying Chinese lay theories of illness, their impact on doctor–patient relationships and the social psychological mechanism thereof, in the context of the Chinese medical culture and medical system, will provide useful suggestions for reducing the current tension between doctors and patients in China. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-11-15
Abstract： Lay theories of illness are a collection of lay people’s knowledge, explanations, and attitudes toward a particular disease. Compared with medical professionals, lay people are more concerned with the pathogenic effects of psychological, family and social factors than biological factors. They choose diverse medical treatments rather than follow the standardized medical model; they are more willing to treat the disease experience as a special issue of personal life and develop a constructive understanding. The discrepancies between lay theories of illness and scientific medical theories can lower patient’s satisfaction with medical care, trust in medical practitioners, and adherence to doctor’s advice, thereby affecting treatment outcomes. It is believed that studying Chinese lay theories of illness, their impact on doctor–patient relationships and the social psychological mechanism thereof, in the context of the Chinese medical culture and medical system, will provide useful suggestions for reducing the current tension between doctors and patients in China.
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