Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2024-03-25
Abstract： Objective: To explore the relationship between personal characteristics and the possibility of receiving PUA in the context of Chinese culture, compile a personal special quality table and the basic characteristic scale of PUA relations suitable for people who are susceptible to PUA in the context of Chinese culture, and test their credibility and validity. Methods: The initial questionnaire is formed by combining literature retrieval, theoretical model construction and questionnaire survey; 1,188 adults were selected as the subjects in the PUA Personal Quality Table, and 1,188 adults who had experienced or were experiencing intimate relationships in the PUA Relationship Performance Characteristic Table were selected as the subjects. The trial questionnaire carried out project analysis and exploratory factor analysis; both questionnaires carried out verification factor analysis and credibility test. Results: The scale is vulnerable to PUA personal special quality table contains 4 dimensions, a total of 20 items. The fitting index of the factor structure model is good, RMSEA=0.060, CFI=0.937, IFI=0.937, TLI=0.924, SRMR=0.04 2; The performance characteristic scale of the two PUA relationship contains 6 dimensions, with a total of 29 items. RMSEA=0.053, CFI=0.925, TLI=0.919, GFI=0.913, SRMR=0.059. The internal consistency between the total scale of scale 1 and each dimension is between 0.779-0.909, and the internal consistency between the total scale of scale II and each dimension is between 0.897-0.970. Conclusion: The credibility and validity of the PUA personal special quality scale and the PUA relationship performance characteristic scale are good, and can be used as one of the measurement tools for the study of personal characteristics and the possibility of PUA in the context of Chinese culture.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-03-24
Abstract： Mnemonic discrimination (MD) refers to the ability to accurately distinguish similar memory experiences, which relies on a neural computing mechanism known as pattern separation. Currently, mnemonic similarity task (MST) is commonly employed to measure and study MD. The elderly tend to exhibit a noticeable decline in MD. This decline is proved to be associated with damage to the structural and functional integrity of the medial temporal lobe, which occurs during the aging process. Some researchers have also suggested that the aging of the neocortex can influence MD. Given its reliance on the medial temporal lobe, MD can reflect abnormal brain structural damage and functional decline in the early stages of cognitive impairment. Thus, MST has significant potential in early identification of cognitive impairment. To further explore the causes of the decline in MD, future studies should employ more advanced imaging techniques to separately investigate the effects of aging in the dentate gyrus and CA3 subregion on MD. It is also critical to explore the neural mechanisms underlying age-related changes in MD, with a particular focus on neocortical regions like the prefrontal cortex. Large-scale prospective cohorts should also be established to validate the effectiveness of MST in early identification of cognitive impairment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Healthy aging is associated with cognitive impairment, which generally attributed to declines in brain structure and functioning. However, the aging brain retains structural and functional plasticity. With the development of neuroimaging technologies, a large number of brain imaging studies have confirmed that cognitive training positively impacts brain structure and functioning. After training, the aged individuals show: (1) increased structural gray matter volume and integrity of white matter tracts; (2) functional reorganization of brain network when performing cognitive tasks; (3) functional reorganization in intrinsic brain activity and enhancement functional connectivity during resting state. Further studies of cognitive training are required to investigate various factors that influence individual differences of brain plasticity and determine the lasting effects and transfer effects by using longitudinal studies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Healthy aging is generally associated with a decline in episodic memory. Usually, older adults show more significant declines in associative memory than in item memory. Most previous cognitive aging studies of episodic memory focus on mean changes in memory performance with age and thus assume that older adults are a homogenous group. However, older adults demonstrate notable individual differences in episodic memory. While most older adults show a normal or pathological decline in episodic memory, some indicate successful episodic memory aging. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the neural mechanisms of individual differences in episodic memory aging to demystify the determinants of successful memory aging. This helps reveal the neural basis of human cognitive function and is insightful for developing effective interventions to improve memory function in older adults and delay cognitive aging. To date, four critical theories have been proposed to explain why some older adults exhibit successful memory aging: brain maintenance, neural dedifferentiation, cognitive reserve, and neural compensation. The brain maintenance account claims that the ability of some older adults to demonstrate successful memory aging may be explained by individual differences in brain preservation. In line with this prediction, individuals who demonstrate a relative lack of senescent brain changes and more youth-like brain activation patterns show higher levels of memory performance. The neural dedifferentiation view states that individuals with higher functional specificity of brain regions and networks may have superior episodic memory. The concept of cognitive reserve states that individual differences in cognitive operations or processes shaped by lifetime exposures allow some individuals to maintain cognitive function in the face of brain aging or pathology. The above concepts may reflect the optimization process of the selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model. Specifically, brain maintenance may reflect the results of the optimization, whereas cognitive reserve may reflect the approach for conducting the optimization process. The neural compensation hypothesis, which reflects the compensation process of the SOC model, states that some older adults can compensate for age-related neural decline or pathology to preserve high levels of cognitive and behavioral output. Based on these theories and the SOC model, we speculate that some older adults display successful memory aging because they have higher cognitive reserve shaped by several lifestyle factors throughout their lifespans. These factors include education, occupation, physical activity, cognitively stimulating activities, and other lifestyle aspects. Older adults with higher cognitive reserve can optimize the function of the brain regions and networks related to episodic memory and more successfully compensate for age-related neural decline. Ultimately, the benefits of the optimization and compensation processes are reflected in maintaining a higher level of brain function (e.g., the fidelity of neural representation or functional segregation of brain networks). Nevertheless, there are still debates regarding how to define the concept of cognitive reserve operationally, how cognitive reserve and compensation relate to one another, and how lifestyle factors affect brain maintenance, cognitive reserve, and neural compensation in older adults. Future research should incorporate more longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between these theories and their impact factors, which would be beneficial for understanding the neural mechanisms of successful memory aging and providing support for improving brain and cognitive health in older adults.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-03-09
Abstract：
Healthy aging is generally associated with a decline in episodic memory. However, older adults demonstrate notable individual differences in episodic memory. While most older adults show a normal or pathological decline in episodic memory, some indicate successful episodic memory aging. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the neural mechanisms of individual differences in episodic memory aging to demystify the determinants of successful memory aging. To date, four critical theories have been proposed to explain why some older adults exhibit successful memory aging: brain maintenance, neural dedifferentiation, cognitive reserve, and neural compensation. Based on these theories and the SOC model, we speculate that some older adults display successful memory aging because they have higher cognitive reserve shaped by several lifestyle factors throughout their lifespans. Older adults with higher cognitive reserve can optimize the function of the brain regions and networks related to episodic memory and more successfully compensate for age-related neural decline. Ultimately, the benefits of the optimization and compensation processes are reflected in maintaining a higher level of brain function (e.g., the fidelity of neural representation or functional segregation of brain networks). Future research should incorporate more longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between these theories and their impact factors, which would be beneficial for understanding the neural mechanisms of successful memory aging and providing support for improving brain and cognitive health in older adults.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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