Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-12-31
Abstract： Non-suicide self-injury (NSSI) is a major mental disorder which may lead to severe damages to one’s body and mind. Previews studies showed that emotion, control, pain, reward and endogenous opioids systems together with some genetic shortages contributed to the neural mechanism of NSSI. Meanwhile, NSSI had some partially overlapping mechanism compared with suicide, addiction, eating disorders and depression disorders. We therefore built a model which explained the cognitive process combining with neural mechanism of NSSI. Further research may put more attention on longitude studies, gender differences and treatment of NSSI.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-29
Abstract： Speech understanding is a mental process in which the listener receives external speech input and acquires meaning. In daily communication, speech comprehension is influenced by multi-scale rhythmic information, which usually includes the rhythm of prosodic structure, the rate of context, and the speaker's body language. They alter the listeners' phoneme discrimination, word perception, and speech intelligence in auditory speech understanding. Internal rhythms are neural oscillations in the brain, which can represent the hierarchical characteristics of external speech input at different time scales. The neural entrainment of external rhythmic stimulus and internal neural activity can optimize the brain's processing of speech stimulus and further enhance the internal representation of target speech by the top-down modulation of the listener's cognitive process. We think that it may be the key mechanism to build the interrelationship between internal and external rhythms and jointly affect speech understanding. The discovery of its mechanism can provide a window for the study of speech, which is a complex sequence with structural rules on multi-level time scales.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-12-28
Abstract： As two common and easily confused self-conscious emotions, the effects of guilt and shame on cooperative behavior and their mechanisms are different. The effect of guilt is more stable and universal, while that of shame is more complex. This can be explained by the motivation and regulation mechanisms of influence, including the compensation and repair motivation of guilt to others, the protection and repair motivation of shame to self, and the regulation of individual and situational factors. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of the induction and measurement methods of guilt and shame, the internal process and physiological mechanism of the effect, and the individual and cultural differences in the effect on cooperative behavior.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-26
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-12-25
Abstract： The prevalence of misprediction hinders conflict management. Therefore, it is imperative to explore mispredictions in conflicts to facilitate effective conflict management. However, research has mainly shed light on mispredictions in non-conflicts and neglected the uniqueness of conflicts. This project investigates mispredictions in conflicts and their mechanisms and consequences. Specifically, the aim of this project is fourfold. First, it explores mispredictions in conflicts and proposes the bias-amplification effect of conflicts. Second, it investigates the negativity driving mechanism of the bias-amplification effect. Third, it examines consequences of the mispredictions in conflicts. Last, it develops effective and feasible interventions to eliminate these mispredictions in conflicts. This project is intended to establish a theoretical model of mispredictions in conflicts. The results help to extend theories on behavioral decision making as well as guide the public and social governance to make accurate predictions about others, to improve conflict management, and to reach high-quality decisions."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-24
Abstract： " Improvisation is a complex cognitive process that employs numerous of brain networks to devise, generate and monitor esthetically appealing and novel musical output. Influenced by the skill of the improvising musician, the performance requirements and other factors, improvising musician may have two cognitive modes, namely, cognitive control mode or automatic processing mode. Focusing on the two different improvisation modes and the main employed brain regions, research on the neural mechanism of improvisation were reviewed. Furthermore, a dual-mode of improvisation was proposed. Future research may focus on aspects of the research methods of improvisation, the conversion of the two modes of improvisation, improvisation and machine learning, and the significance of improvisation in education, among others.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Other Disciplines of Computer Science Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-12-21
Abstract： " Game map is an important human-computer interactive content-bearing platform in major games. With the application of cellular automata(CA) and Procedural Content Generation (PCG)in map generation, the spatial scale and data volume of current game maps are increasing greatly, while in game map test procedure, automatic methods such as interactive test script are inadequate both in depth and application breadth, especially in the lack of game map evaluation from player experience perspective. This research proposes an automatic game map test method based on agent reinforcement learning. By establishing agents’ interactive action models standing for different types of players’ behaviors in the map, universal evaluation of the map environment is enhanced through agent actions, which can optimize game map design from the perspective of player experience with quantitative value of inferiority. Finally, our campus scenes in Minecraft were used as the experimental environments to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-12-21
Abstract： Social class is an important factor that affects redistribution preference. Some studies have found that compared with the lower classes, the upper class has a lower redistribution preference. Based on previous studies, this review proposes a mechanism and intervention model of low redistribution preference among people of a higher social class. According to the model, economic self-interest and system-justifying beliefs in motivation; the perception of economic inequality; the attribution of the wealth gap; and stereotypes in cognition, empathy, and status anxiety in emotion are the mediating factors that affect the redistribution preference of the upper class. Cultivating the upper class’s humility, employing counter stereotype interventions , take advantage of the inequality framing effect, enhancing compassion, and changing the cultural values of the upper class can help enhance the redistribution preference of the upper class. Future research should pay more attention to the charitable behavior of the upper class and the refusal of some lower classes to redistribute, further investigate and improve the mechanism of this model, and explore strategies to promote the redistribution preference of the upper class.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-20
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2021-12-20
Abstract： Severe stress is one of the major external triggers of emotion-related mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress-induced sustained hyperarousal state is not only a core symptom but also a contributor to other symptoms such as sleep disturbance and negative mood. Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter that regulates emotional response. In addition, the 5-HT system is the target for pharmacological treatment such as selective-serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for major depressive disorder, PTSD, and other emotional disorders. However, it remains unknown whether serotonin is involved in the hyperarousal state caused by severe stress, as well as the mechanism by which genetic polymorphism in serotonin regulation contributes to the vulnerability of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan-hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) is a serotonin synthesizing enzyme that converts tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in the brain. A genetic deficiency in the expression of Tph2 may lead to a lower level of serotonin in the brain. The present study focused on the role of serotonin in the development of stress-induced hyperarousal, investigating the behavioral effect of Tph2 gene-deficiency after severe stress in a mice model. Mice lacking Tph2 (Tph2-/-) in the brain have a vitally low level of serotonin and a bad health condition, so we used heterozygous Tph2-deficient mice (Tph2+/-) which have been shown to have a mild low level of serotonin in the brain. We measured the auditory startle reflex as an indicator of arousal level at different time points after predator-exposure stress or footshock stress in both male and female Tph2+/- and wild-type mice. The predator-exposure stress was to exposure a mouse to a cat for 5 minutes with a trained experimenter protecting the mouse from direct attack from the cat. The footshock stress was to exposure a mouse to a series of footshock (1.5 mA × 5s × 5, inter-shock interval 60 ~ 120 s) in a shock chamber. Then we measured the auditory startle reflex at 1-, 2-, 10-, and 18-day post-stress. For each startle test session, a total of 30 white noise stimuli were presented to the mice in a sound-isolated chamber (90 dB, 100 dB, 110 dB, ten stimuli for each level). The results showed that the Tph2+/- male mice had a higher level of startle than the non-stressed group at 1, 2, and 10 days after footshock stress, indicating a sustained hyperarousal. However, wild-type male mice only had an increased startle response on the day after the footshock stress. For mice with predator exposure stress, both Tph2+/- male mice and wild-type male mice showed an increased startle response on the first day after the predator stress, but then returned to the same level as the non-stressed mice. We also observed a sex difference in mice’s startle response that the female mice had a lower level of startle amplitude than that of male mice at baseline test before stress. In addition, female mice with different genotypes showed minor differences in their startle response at different time points after both types of stress. The results of the study indicate that the Tph2 genotype interacts with stress types in the regulation of long-term hyperarousal after severe stress events. Our results also provide preclinical evidence that individuals with Tph2 gene deficiency may be more vulnerable to stress-induced hyperarousal and highlight the potential of targeting the serotonin system for post-traumatic intervention.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-12-18
Abstract： Multilingual packaging strategy has been widely harnessed in tourism products marketing. However, complicated psychological mechanism resulting from multilingual cues is rarely investigated by extant studies, which merely concentrate on consumer perceptions. The current research, based on the selective accessibility model, aims to examine: (1) how consumers process information of multilingual packaging to judge the focal product targeting at a certain country (i.e. contrast effect), or an ambiguous “international market” (i.e. assimilation effect); (2) the impact of multilingual packaging strategies on consumers’ purchase decision-makings toward tourism products. This study will not only encompass and broaden prior conceptualization of tourism products and linguistic cues of packaging, but also provide managerial implications towards marketing practices of tourism products.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2021-12-17
Abstract： " Having lower socioeconomic status is one of the most well-established social predictors of poor health. However, little is known about why some lower-class individuals maintain good physical health despite experiencing adversity. From a large number of empirical studies, researchers have found that psychological factors such as the "shift-and-persist" strategy can effectively protect the health of lower-class individuals in adversity and prevent them from developing certain diseases. Specifically,the “shift-and-persist” strategy reduces responses to stress, thereby reducing the acute physiological activation of the HPA axis. Over time, this prevents the development of the pathogenic process and ultimately slows pathogenic disease processes over the long term among lower-class individuals. Meanwhile, Preliminary evidence shows that different dimensions of the “shift-and-persist” strategy can reduce the health-threatening behavior of lower-class individuals to reduce the risk of disease.To address the problem of health poverty in a period of relative-poverty in China and better serve the health of lower-class individuals, future research should vigorously develop intervention programs on the basis of in-depth exploration of the core mechanism. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-16
Abstract： Rumination refers to the repeated reflection of cause, course, and consequence of a negative event. Brain network studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate that the self-referential processing involved in rumination is associated with alterations in the default mode network, while negative emotion produced by rumination is related to changes in the salience network. The “persistence” property of rumination is associated with altered connections between attention-related networks. Future studies should further examine the causal relationship between rumination and its related brain networks and explore the structural basis of functional networks of rumination to deepen our knowledge about the brain basis of rumination. It is not only in great need to investigate the aging effect on rumination and its underlying brain networks, but also to develop neuromodulation techniques for intervention. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2021-12-15
Abstract： Manipulation checks are important to ensure the construct validity of experiment, however, they have been less discussed in Chinese managerial psychology research. To investigate the status quo of manipulation checks among Chinese studies, we coded 144 experiments drawn from 49 research in the field of managerial psychology which were published in 4 top-tier journals in 2020 (i.e., Acta Psychologica Sinica, Journal of Psychological Science, Management World, and Nankai Business Review). We found that among these experiments, the way to implement manipulation checks appeared monistic with self-report dominating. And very few experiments focused on discriminant manipulation checks or instructional manipulation checks. In addition, the choice of location, the time to implement, and the strategy of analysis remained underexplored. Future research should pay attention to the application of non-interventional forms to reduce the interference of manipulation checks on the experimental process. Besides, error control strategies should be advocated to eliminate invalid data and competitive explanations. At the same time, we suggest that researchers should consider the characteristics of manipulation checks when they decide the appropriate position of manipulation checks included in the experiment material. Researchers are also encouraged to use pre and post manipulation checks to ensure flexibility. In the data analysis phase, we recommend researchers use manipulation strength and mediation analysis to guarantee the internal and external validity of the experiment. By doing so, we expect the normativity of manipulation checks will be improved to a great extent."
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-12-15
Abstract： This systematic review aimed to explore the predictive role of childhood unpredictability on youth development performance from the perspective of life history theory. Methods: Relevant literatures in the field of life history theory were retrieved with subject retrieval method, searching the key words with childhood unpredictability and youth development performance from the database of Web of Science, ProQuest, SpringerLink, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data. The inclusion criteria were peer reviewed, longitudinal or retrospective studies, including measures of environmental unpredictability, and including measures of developmental performance. 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: The higher childhood unpredictability youth experienced, the more negative development performance associated with reproduction, specifically reflected in the aspects of reproductive development, romantic relationship and parenting characteristics. There are also different effects on physical and mental health, social adjustment, cognitive function, personality traits and problem behavior. Conclusion: Childhood unpredictability could predict the developmental performance of youth. There may be a sensitive period in the prediction effect, and gender differences and individual differences are also existed. Outlook: Research on subjective perception assessment of environmental risk should be carried out in the future, and attention should be paid to the childhood unpredictability’s concept construction and measurement based on Chinese culture. In addition, research on protective factors such as the way breaking intergenerational cycle are also essential, which may break off negative developmental manifestations. " " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2021-12-14
Abstract： Forced-choice (FC) test is widely used in non-cognitive tests because it can control the response bias caused by the traditional Likert method, while traditional scoring of forced-choice test produces ipsative data that has been criticized for being unsuitable for inter-individual comparisons. In recent years, the development of multiple forced-choice IRT models that allow researchers to obtain normative information from forced-choice test has re-ignited the interest of researchers and practitioners in forced-choice IRT models. First, the six prevailing forced-choice IRT models are classified and introduced according to the adopted decision models and item response models. Then, the models are compared and summarized from two perspectives: model construction ideology and parameter estimation methods. Next, it reviews the applied research of the model in three aspects: parameter invariance testing, computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and validity study. Finally, it is suggested that future research can move forward in four directions: model expansion, parameter invariance testing, forced-choice CAT, and validity research. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2021-12-09
Abstract：使用多元回归法进行调节效应分析在社科领域已常有应用。简述了目前多元回归法的调节效应分析存在的不足，包括人为变换检验模型、自变量和调节变量区分不足、误差方差齐性的假设难以满足、调节效应量指标△R2没有直接测量调节变量对自变量与因变量关系的调节程度。比较好的方法是用两水平回归模型进行调节效应分析并使用相应的效应量指标。在介绍新方法和新效应量后，总结出一套调节效应的分析流程，通过一个例子来演示如何用Mplus软件进行两水平回归模型的调节效应及其效应量分析。最后讨论了两水平回归模型的调节效应分析的发展，包括稳健的调节效应分析、潜变量的调节效应分析、有调节的中介效应分析和有中介的调节效应分析等。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-12-08
Abstract： The main objective of the psychological activities in a public emergency is to determine its source and who is to take responsibility. Emergencies often increase individuals’ sense of uncertainty and give them a sense of unpredictability about the future, thus, driving individuals to seek explanations for emergencies to achieve cognitive closure. Additionally, crises threaten individuals’ control, making them feel less influential in their outcomes, making them more concerned about the order of the external world. Related organizations who are responsible for the emergency should adopt appropriate response strategies to reshape their reputation and re-win the trust of the public. Significantly, researchers need to establish a more systematic and complete model to supplement empirical evidence based on psychology. Further, there is a need to study the attribution of responsibility in various emergencies, explore effective coping strategies suitable to the Chinese socio-cultural context, and examine the connection between responsibility attribution and other social-psychological variables."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-12-07
Abstract： From three perspectives (target, source, and observer) and three-time points (before, during, and after the occurrence of ostracism), a series of questions about whether, when, and how mindfulness can play a role in ostracism were analyzed in detail and summarized as a model relating mindfulness and ostracism. The model demonstrates that before ostracism occurs, mindfulness may alleviate rejection sensitivity and reduce rejection behaviors. After ostracism occurs, mindfulness may alleviate pain and contribute to the helping behavior of observers. When ostracism occurs, mindfulness may promote good communication and reduce the likelihood of ostracism deterioration. More empirical research is needed to explore the mechanisms and the boundary conditions of the benefits of mindfulness on ostracism.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-07
Abstract： "Time" is the "necessity" of intertemporal decision‐making. People's perception of time delay determines the result of intertemporal decision‐making. In recent years, researchers have discovered that “time length perception”, “time resource perception” and “time frame perception” are the main ways that time perception affects intertemporal decision‐making. The neural mechanism of action of time perception contains both micro‐level and macro‐level. The "logarithmic/exponential time discount model", "perceptual time base model" and "multimodal drift diffusion model" provide behavioral explanations for the way time perception works. However, the existing theoretical models still have many limitations, which are mainly embodied in two aspects: "prediction deviation of long and short time interval" and "deviation of actual decision and expected decision". Therefore, it is essential to explore in‐depth the fundamental ways in which time perception affects intertemporal decision‐making, analyze the limitations of existing theoretical models, and propose a mechanism framework for integration. Future research urgently needs to further integrate the theoretical models of time perception, and carry out research on brain mechanisms and applications, to more fully expose the nature of time perception and help individuals and society make more rational decisions.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment