Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Since the introduction of the time-frequency analysis technique into the field of EEG data in the 1980’s, researchers can excavate non-phase locked components in EEG signals, overcoming the previous shortcomings of traditional ERP methods. In the field of psychology, the two most commonly used time-frequency analysis methods are wavelet transform and Hilbert transform. Power, phase locking index (PLI), and coherence are three important indices of time-frequency analysis. Power in different frequency band is typically considered to reflect different mental processes. For example, α power is frequently related to selective attention, while γ energy is often associated with feature binding. Researchers use PLI to investigate the mechanism generated by an ERP component. Coherence indicates the exchange of information between long-distance brain regions and cognitive control of higher-level brain regions in the low-level brain regions, which show different patterns in various complex cognitive tasks.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Feature-based attention (FBA) is the ability that observers can direct their attention to a specific feature dimension or value. In the attentional focus, FBA can modulate the response of neurons in visual cortex: it selectively increases the responses of neurons encoding attended features while suppresses the responses of neurons encoding distracting features. Many studies found that this attentional modulation can spread outside the focus of attention, but the underlying mechanism of the global modulation of FBA (enhancement or suppression) is still controversial. The global enhancement mechanism and the global suppression mechanism are different in time courses and may play distinctive roles in visual information processing. Compared to the global enhancement mechanism, the global suppression mechanism seems more likely to be influenced by experimental designs and parameters. Future studies are needed to investigate under what conditions the global suppression mechanism takes effect and to further disassociate these two global mechanisms in the process of feature-based attention.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Human perception to near-threshold visual stimuli is not always reliable. To investigate variability of visual perception and its neural mechanism, some researchers focus on the influences of prestimulus ongoing alpha oscillations (8~13 Hz) on visual perception. Recently, studies found that decrease of prestimulus alpha power associated with improvement of observers’ detection rate, but no such effect on perception accuracy was found. In addition, phase of prestimulus alpha was reported to predict whether an observer can detect the following visual stimulus or not. Thus, power of prestimulus alpha is considered to reflect the excitability of visual cortex; decrease of alpha power indicates increase of cortical excitability, which results in higher detection rate of near-threshold stimuli. Nevertheless, phase of prestimulus alpha might play a role in regulating the time of excitation and inhibition of the cortex, and the different brain states (excitation or inhibition) at stimulus onset would lead to different perceptions of the stimulus.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Behavioral oscillations are periodic changes of behavioral performance which result from rhythmic mental processes. Through behavioral methods that have high temporal resolutions, prior studies have provided a unique perspective to investigate the temporal dynamics of visual attention. Phenomena of behavioral oscillations were observed in many types of attentional tasks. There was much evidence supporting that attentional sampling showed periodic changes mainly at two different rhythms: α (8~13 Hz) band which reflects attentional suppression and θ (4~8 Hz) band which reflects attentional shift. These results help revealing the temporal dynamics of attention and provide a new approach for the controversy between serial- and parallel-search theories of attention. Some potential factors, including task difficulty and cue validity, were found to be able to influence the rhythmic characteristics of behavioral oscillations. Behavioral oscillations showed consistent rhythms with neural oscillations in some attentional tasks, suggesting that they might involve similar mental processes. To systematically reveal the temporal dynamics of attention, future studies are needed to investigate the specific patterns of behavioral oscillations under various attentional control processes, as well as in multimodal attentional tasks.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-23
Abstract： Behavioral oscillations are periodic changes of behavioral performance which result from rhythmic mental processes. Through behavioral methods that have high temporal resolutions, prior studies have provided a unique perspective to investigate the temporal dynamics of visual attention. Phenomena of behavioral oscillations were observed in many types of attentional tasks. There was much evidence supporting that attentional sampling showed periodic changes mainly at two different rhythms: α (8-13 Hz) band which reflects attentional suppression and θ (4-8 Hz) band which reflects attentional shift. These results help revealing the temporal dynamics of attention and provide a new approach for the controversy between serial- and parallel-search theories of attention. Some potential factors, including task difficulty and cue validity, were found to be able to influence the rhythmic characteristics of behavioral oscillations. Behavioral oscillations showed consistent rhythms with neural oscillations in some attentional tasks, suggesting that they might involve similar mental processes. To systematically reveal the temporal dynamics of attention, future studies are needed to investigate the specific patterns of behavioral oscillations under various attentional control processes, as well as in multimodal attentional tasks. "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-14
Abstract： Human perception to near-threshold visual stimuli is not always reliable. To investigate variability of visual perception and its neural mechanism, some researchers focus on the influences of prestimulus ongoing alpha oscillations (8~13 Hz) on visual perception. Recently, studies found that decrease of prestimulus alpha power associated with improvement of observers’ detection rate, but no such effect on perception accuracy was found. In addition, phase of prestimulus alpha was reported to predict whether an observer can detect the following visual stimulus or not. Thus, power of prestimulus alpha is considered to reflect the excitability of visual cortex; decrease of alpha power indicates increase of cortical excitability, which results in higher detection rate of near-threshold stimuli. Nevertheless, phase of prestimulus alpha might play a role in regulating the time of excitation and inhibition of the cortex, and the different brain states (excitation or inhibition) at stimulus onset would lead to different perceptions of the stimulus.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-08
Abstract： Feature-based attention (FBA) is the ability that observers can direct their attention to a specific feature dimension or value. In the attentional focus, FBA can modulate the response of neurons in visual cortex: it selectively increases the responses of neurons encoding attended features while suppresses the responses of neurons encoding distracting features. Many studies found that this attentional modulation can spread outside the focus of attention, but the underlying mechanism of the global modulation of FBA (enhancement or suppression) is still controversial. The global enhancement mechanism and the global suppression mechanism are different in time courses and may play distinctive roles in visual information processing. Compared to the global enhancement mechanism, the global suppression mechanism seems more likely to be influenced by experimental designs and parameters. Future studies are needed to investigate under what conditions the global suppression mechanism takes effect and to further disassociate these two global mechanisms in the process of feature-based attention.
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