Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-04-25
Abstract： This review explores the complex attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) from the perspectives of benefit theory, threat theory, and dialectical relations. Initially, the discussion highlights how AI, as a form of technological advancement, fosters work efficiency, decision-making quality, and innovation across various domains, reflecting the optimistic evaluations and expectations placed on AI. Subsequently, the review shifts focus on the potential threats presented by AI, including privacy infringement, job market disruption, and ethical dilemmas, showcasing the critical concerns surrounding AI development. Moreover, examining AI from a dialectical standpoint underscores the importance of balancing technological innovation with ethical considerations. This entails a discussion on future research directions, emphasizing cross-cultural ethical explorations and the enhancement of human-AI collaboration. The review concludes that a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of AI necessitate transcending singular viewpoints, incorporating multidisciplinary insights to facilitate the sustainable development and social integration of AI technologies.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： The rapid advancement and widespread application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have significantly altered human living and working practices, thereby attracting scholarly attention to its sociocultural implications. This literature review examines the influence of cultural factors on the interpretation, principles, and utilization of AI across diverse contexts, emphasizing the critical interaction between AI technologies and cultural psychological principles. AI encompasses a broad spectrum of capabilities, ranging from basic algorithms to sophisticated machine learning systems, designed for tasks such as sensory perception, linguistic understanding, and decision-making. However, the adoption and integration of these technologies exhibit considerable variation across different cultural environments. The study highlights the importance of integrating cultural perspectives to achieve equitable, effective, and universally acceptable AI systems. Through the lens of cultural psychology, this research provides insights into the development of culturally attuned AI systems. It advocates for a comprehensive understanding of both cultural variances and shared values within the realm of AI. The paper proposes future research directions focusing on incorporating cultural diversity into AI research and applications, aiming to realize the full global potential of AI technologies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： “Well-being” is a core research topic in the field of positive psychology, which is also a focal point of great interest in contemporary society. While a general consensus exists on the conceptions of Well-being, cultural norms and values significantly shape individuals’ perceptions and pursuits of well-being. For example, in collectivist cultures, Well-being is closely linked with community relationships and social harmony; while in individualistic cultures, well-being is more frequently associated with personal achievement and autonomy. Understanding these subtle differences between cultures is vital for developing effective strategies to enhance well-being. Future research should consider cultural factors thoroughly and conduct more detailed cross-cultural studies on well-being, aiming to design culturally effective interventions that respect and integrate different cultural perspectives on promoting well-being.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) treatment is an important part of psychological treatment, but the conventional intervention psychotherapy has its limitations. Virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) technology has been shown to have promising applications in the field of psychological treatment and has distinct advantages over existing ASD treatments thanks to its ability to take into account the specific characteristics of ASD patients. This paper discusses the potential of virtual reality technology in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder and the current applications of VR technology for the therapeutic treatment of specific fears, emotion recognition, and social function in ASD patients. It also discusses the limitations of current VR experimental methods and the challenges associated with the research of VR on a growing variety of patients. Potential applications of virtual reality technology on ASD treatment are analyzed using a thorough psychological mechanism and demonstrate the need to upgrade virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence, and other high-end technology so as to optimize enhance human-computer interaction. Future commercialization efforts will also require VR systems to be both universal but also customizable so that they may cater to different patient characteristics.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Moral judgments and behaviors are highly sensitive to culture. The understanding and construction of the exact same moral issues can vary substantially across individuals who come from different cultural backgrounds or possess different levels of multicultural experiences. Social psychologists are increasingly interested in closely looking at human morality through the lens of culture, partly driven by a renaissance of cultural psychology in the 1980s and the broadening and deepening of globalization. Based upon the perspective of cultural psychology, we briefly summarize how particular cultural factors (e.g. geography, ecology, social class) influence individuals’ moral judgments and behaviors from three facets: between-culture variations, within-culture variations, and multiculturalism. Together, it is our hope that this review article will inspire future research to better understand how Chinese people’s moral patterns and value systems have changed and are changing in the context of rapid and deep cultural change in China.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The search for meaning in life refers to the motivation and effort in understanding one’s own life, finding or establishing life purpose, or accomplishing life significance. Unfortunately, consensus is still lacking on its cause. Deficit correcting hypothesis holds that, meaning search primarily originates from its absence or deficit, and once meaning restored, the search would decay. As opposed, Life affirming hypothesis maintains that, meaning search stems from the motivation to consolidate and strengthen life experience, and therefore the effort is always incessant. This article discusses the evidence, deficiencies and applicable situations of above two perspectives, and on this base proposes an "antecedent factor model" to account for the determinants of search for meaning in life. This model hypothesizes meaning need as the premise of meaning search, and believe the motive to search for meaning would arise as long as the current "meaning level" is perceived to be lower or higher than the original state. Future research should develop multidimensional meaning search scales, strengthen experimental research, and explore factors that influence meaning search judgment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： With buzzwords such as “tool man”, “laborer” and “corporate slave” sweeping the workplace, workplace objectification has become an urgent topic to be discussed. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence, especially robots in the workplace, the workplace effects produced by robots are also worth paying attention to. Therefore, the present research aims to explore whether the penetration of robots into the workplace will produce or aggravate the phenomenon of workplace objectification. Based on the intergroup threat theory and previous related studies, the present research assumes that the salience of robot workers in the workplace will pose both realistic threats and identity threats to people, and the perception of these threats will reduce people's sense of control. According to the compensatory control theory, the decrease of perceived control will cause people to have a strong motivation of restoring control. And workplace objectification, the 4th strategy proposed by compensatory control theory (i.e., affirming nonspecific structure, or seeking out and preferring simple, clear, and consistent interpretations of the social and physical environments), can be used to restore the sense of control. Therefore, this paper hypothesizes that the salience of robot workers in the workplace will increase the workplace objectification, because robot salience will increase people's perceived threats of robots, which will lead to control compensation, which will eventually lead to more severe workplace objectification. In addition, the other three strategies proposed by compensatory control theory, namely, bolstering personal agency, affiliating with external systems perceived to be acting on the self's behalf, and affirming specific structure (i.e., clear contingencies between actions and outcomes within the context of reduced control), can moderate the effect of robot salience on workplace objectification. Other ways of affirming non-specific structure than workplace objectification can also moderate the effect of robot salience on workplace objectification. Based on theories of social psychology and combined with the realistic background of workplace objectification, this paper attempts to use diverse methods to test the above hypothesis. Specifically, experiments, big data, and questionnaire surveys will be adopted to explore the potential mechanism and boundary conditions of the impact of robot salience on workplace objectification. The present research consists of five studies. Study 1 verifies the existence of the phenomenon that robot salience has an effect on workplace objectification. Study 2 explores the chain mediating effects of perceived robot threat and control compensation. Study 3 examines the moderating effect of personal factors, including bolstering personal agency, affiliating with external systems perceived to be acting on the self's behalf, affirming specific structure, and other ways of affirming non-specific structure than workplace objectification. Study 4 examines the moderating effect of robot factors, including anthropomorphism and two dimensions of mind perception. Study 5 examines the moderating effect of environmental factors, including different organizational cultures and ethical organizational cultures, and explores the intervention strategies for workplace objectification. The present research helps to prospectively understand the possible negative effects of artificial intelligence in the workplace and put forward effective solutions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Different from actual affect, ideal affect refers to the emotions that people desire to have (Tsai, 2007). For example, while some individuals want to feel calmness, others want to feel enthusiasm. Affect valuation theory (AVT) differentiates two types of affective experiences, namely ideal affect and actual affect (Tsai, 2007). Actual affect is shaped mainly by temperament, whereas ideal affect is shaped mainly by cultural factors. Previous cross-cultural research (e.g., Bencharit et al., 2019) found that compared with Americans who want to feel high arousal positive (HAP) affective states (e.g., excitement), Chinese people want to feel low arousal positive (LAP) affective states (e.g., calmness). Culture shapes ideal affect mainly through cultural exposure, cultural values, and social cultural changes. Specifically, previous research demonstrated that ideal affect, which is emphasized by culture, can be demonstrated in cultural products (e.g., storybooks). Experiencing these cultural products can therefore shape one’s ideal affect (Tsai et al., 2007). With reference to Schwartz’s (1992) basic human value system, two cultural values—namely self-enhancement (including achievement and power) and openness to change (including self-direction and stimulation)—can account for Americans’ preference for HAP, whereas conservatism (including tradition and conformity) can account for Chinese people’s preference for LAP. In addition, social cultural change, such as a significant national event (e.g., the 9/11 attack in the U.S.), can explain changes in one’s ideal affect (Tsai, 2013). Ideal affect also has culturally diverse influences on one’s preference and choice behaviors, mixed emotional experiences, physical and mental health, and social judgment. Specifically, people tend to make choices based on their ideal affect, which is encouraged by their culture (Sims et al., 2017). Ideal affect can also explain the cultural differences in mixed emotional experiences (Sims et al., 2015). People may attain healthy mental and physical states if their own ideal affect is consistent with the ideal affect that is emphasized in their culture (Tran et al., 2017). In interpersonal interaction, people prefer social partners who display the types of emotions that match their own ideal affect (Tran et al., 2017). Four future directions can be drawn for this line of research. First, ideal affect should be investigated from a longitudinal perspective. To further understand how culture shapes ideal affect, it is necessary to use longitudinal research methods to examine the impacts of cultural changes on ideal affect. For example, future research could explore whether changes in Chinese values would influence the types of ideal affect valued by Chinese people. Second, antecedents of ideal affect could be investigated. In addition to the shaping effect of cultural values on ideal affect, another important cultural factor, holistic-analytic cognition (Nisbett et al., 2001), may also account for the cultural variations in ideal affect. The individual-level cultural factors (e.g., gender role or social class) may explain the individual differences in ideal affect. Third, future researchers should develop the criteria for mental health assessment that is suitable for Chinese culture. Future research could further examine the roles of calmness and harmony in Chinese people’s mental health. Fourth, it is necessary to reduce cultural misunderstandings by increasing the awareness of ideal affect. If people are aware of the ideal affect that is emphasized in their culture, then adjust their daily life to match this ideal affect, they may avoid social exclusion or financial losses due to the failure in “ideal affect match”. Moreover, people could reduce their biased choices by realizing the impact of ideal affect on their social cognition judgments.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The application of algorithms is believed to contribute to reducing discrimination in human decision-making, but algorithmic discrimination still exists in real life. So is there a difference between folk responses to human discrimination and algorithmic discrimination? Previous research has found that people's moral outrage at algorithmic discrimination is less than that at human discrimination. Few studies, however, have investigated people's behavioral tendency towards algorithmic discrimination and human discrimination, especially whether there is a difference in their desire for moral punishment. Therefore, the present study aimed at comparing people's desire to punish algorithmic discrimination and human discrimination as well as finding the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions behind the possible difference. To achieve the research objectives, six experiments were conducted, which involved various kinds of discrimination in daily life, including gender discrimination, educational background discrimination, ethnic discrimination and age discrimination. In experiment 1 and 2, participants were randomly assigned to two conditions (discrimination: algorithm vs. human), and their desire for moral punishment was measured. Additionally, the mediating role of free will belief was tested in experiment 2. To demonstrate the robustness of our findings, the underlying mechanism (i.e., free will belief) was further examined in experiment 3 and 4. Experiment 3 was a 2 (discrimination: algorithm vs. human) × 2 (belief in free will: high vs. low) between-subject design, and experiment 4 was a single-factor (discrimination: human vs. algorithm with free will vs. algorithm without free will) between-subject design. Experiment 5 and 6 were conducted to test the moderating role of anthropomorphism. Specifically, participants’ tendency to anthropomorphize was measured in experiment 5, and the anthropomorphism of algorithm was manipulated in experiment 6. As predicted, the present research found that compared with human discrimination, people have less desire to punish algorithmic discrimination. And the robustness of this result was demonstrated by the diversity of our stimuli and samples. In addition, we found that free will belief played a mediating role in the effect of discrimination (algorithm vs. human) on the desire to punish. That is to say, the reason why people had less desire to punish when facing algorithm discrimination was that they thought algorithms had less free will than humans. Finally, the results also demonstrated the moderating effect of anthropomorphism. These results enrich literature regarding algorithm discrimination as well as moral punishment from the perspective of social psychology. First, this research explored people's behavioral tendency towards algorithmic discrimination by focusing on the desire for moral punishment, which contributes to a better understanding of people's responses to algorithmic discrimination. Second, the results are consistent with previous studies on people’s mind perception of artificial intelligence. Third, it adds evidence that free will has a significant impact on moral punishment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-07
Abstract： Pro-environmental behavior, such as saving energy and taking public transportation, is beneficial to protecting the environment. Previous studies suggested that personality traits, environmentalrelated values, beliefs, affect and norms are antecedents of pro-environmental behavior. However, protecting the environment is also rooted in motivation for happiness and well-being. Generally speaking, there are three different types of well-being in positive psychology, namely hedonic, eudaimonic, and psychological richness. Based on different conceptions of well-being, research has shown that hedonic value was negatively related to pro-environmental behavior. Eudaimonic value was related to environmental values but it cannot directly predict pro-environmental behavior. Given it’s a new conception, the relationship between psychological richness and pro-environmental behavior is still absent. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring how psychological richness would influence pro-environmental behavior as well as its underlying mechanism and boundary conditions. To reach the goals, we conducted ten studies with different experimental manipulations of psychological richness, multi-source participants, and various assessments of pro-environmental behavior. In correlational study 1.1, we tested the link between psychological richness and proenvironmental behavior. In experimental study 1.2–1.4, we manipulated psychological richness by recalling past memory and making the perspective change to explore its potential influence on proenvironmental behavior. In study 2.1–2.4, the measurement-of-mediation design and experimentalcausal-chain design were used to examine the mediating role of self-expansion. Based on the crosssectional study 2.1, in study 2.2 we randomly assigned participants to the psychological richness condition and control condition to complete the task, and investigated whether psychological richness affected personal self-expansion. In study 2.3, self-expansion was manipulated to explore its effect on pro-environmental behavior. To support our model, study 2.4 was conducted to test whether psychological richness facilitates pro-environmental behavior through self-expansion. To investigate the moderating effect of nature-self size, we manipulated psychological richness in study 3.1 and conducted a cross-sectional survey in 3.2. As predicted, the present study found that both psychologically rich life and state psychological richness were positively related to pro-environmental behavior. Results indicated that psychological richness motivates people to behave in an environmentally friendly. The increased self-expansion was the reason why people experiencing psychological richness were more willing to protect the environment. Lastly, the results also demonstrated the moderating effect of nature-self size on the association of self-expansion and pro-environmental behavior. Overall, the results extend the research on the effects of psychological richness on personal growth and sustainable social development. First, the research suggested that pursuing well-being and behaving pro-environmentally were not in conflict. By taking the newly constructed psychological richness, living a good life motivates people to protect the environment. Second, message framing promoting psychological richness could be used to encourage individuals from engaging in environmentally friendly activities.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2023-03-04
Abstract： With buzzwords such as "tool man", "laborer" and “corporate slave” sweeping the workplace, workplace objectification has become an urgent topic to be discussed. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence, especially robots in the workplace, the workplace effects produced by robots are also worth paying attention to. Therefore, the present paper aims to explore whether people’s perception of robots’ threat to them will produce or aggravate workplace objectification. On the basis of reviewing the related research on workplace objectification and robot workforce, and combined with intergroup threat theory, this paper elaborates the realistic threat to human employment and security caused by robot workforce, as well as the identity threat to human identity and uniqueness. From the perspective of compensatory control theory, this paper proposes the deep mechanisms and boundary conditions of that perceiving robot threat will reduce people's sense of control, thereby stimulating the control compensation mechanism, which in turn leads to workplace objectification. This research is composed of eight studies. The first study includes two sub-studies, which investigate the relationship between perceived robot threat and workplace objectification through questionnaires and online experiments. This study tries to find a positive correlation and a causal association between perceived robot threat and workplace objectification. The second study includes three sub-studies, which explore why perceived robot threat increases workplace objectification. This study tries to verify the mediating effect of control compensation (sense of control), to explain the psychological mechanism behind the effect of perceived robot threat on workplace objectification, and to repeatedly verify it through different research methods. The third study includes three sub-studies. Based on the three compensatory control strategies proposed by the control compensation theory in addition to affirming nonspecific structure, this study tries to further explore the moderating effect of personal agency, external agency, and specific structure. The main findings of this paper are as follows. First, perceived robot threat will increase workplace objectification, and perceived robot identity threat has a stronger effect. Second, the sense of control plays a mediating role in the effect of perceived robot threat (mainly identity threat) on workplace objectification. Specifically, the higher the perceived robot identity threat, the lower the sense of control, and the more serious the workplace objectification. Third, the other three strategies proposed by compensatory control theory, namely strengthening personal agency, supporting external agency and affirming specific structure, can moderate the effect of perceived robot threat on workplace objectification. The main theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it reveals the negative influence of robots on interpersonal relationships and their psychological mechanism. Second, it extends the explanatory boundary of compensatory control theory to the field of artificial intelligence, proposing and verifying that perceived robot threat increases workplace objectification through compensatory control. Third, the relationship between different compensation control strategies is discussed, and the moderating model of perceived robot threat affecting workplace objectification is proposed and verified. The main practical contributions are: first, to provide reference for the anthropomorphic design of robots; second, it helps to better understand, warn and deal with the negative social impact of robots.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-04-12
Abstract： Since its establishment, modern Western ethics and moral psychology have undergone hundreds of years of development. The literature is rich, the results are remarkable, and there are many schools of thought. In contrast, Chinese moral psychology has accumulated certain amounts of theoretical discussions and empirical results, but lacks conceptual foundations based on Chinese raditional culture, coupled with the limited empirical explorations based on the perspective of experimental social psychology, which is still in the preliminary stage. This article attempts to synthesize modern Western mainstream moral psychology theories and their limitations, the characteristics of moral psychology in the context of Chinese culture and its future prospects, in order to inspire future researchers to jointly promote Chinese scholars has both global perspective and local sentiment. The construction of the moral psychology discourse system ultimately serves to describe, explain, predict and enhance the advancement of moral psychology and moral behaviors of Chinese people.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-04-12
Abstract：
"With the deepening integration of globalization, modernization and multiculturalism, the psychological traditionality and psychological modernity in the cultural mentality of Chinese people have formed a cultural form of coexistence, interweaving and integration, resulting in Chinese people's thoughts, emotions and behaviors shuttle between traditional and modern cultural worlds, which constitutes a complex pattern of cultural resources and cultural conflicts. This paper reviews relevant research regarding psychological traditionality and psychological modernity, in order to promote the development of cultural psychological theories, empirical accumulations, practical applications, and the construction of cultural psychology discourse with Chinese characteristics, Chinese manner, and Chinese style.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-02-07
Abstract：算法歧视屡见不鲜，人们对其有何反应值得关注。六个递进实验比较了不同类型歧视情境下人们对算法歧视和人类歧视的道德惩罚欲，并探讨其潜在机制和边界条件。结果发现：相对于人类歧视，人们对算法歧视的道德惩罚欲更少（实验1~6），潜在机制是人们认为算法（与人类相比）更缺乏自由意志（实验2~4），且个体拟人化倾向越强或者算法越拟人化，人们对算法的道德惩罚欲越强（实验5~6）。研究结果有助于更好地理解人们对算法歧视的反应，并为算法犯错后的道德惩罚提供启示。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-01-17
Abstract：
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-02-08
Abstract： This article reviews and synthesizes differing aspects of the psychology of globalization, including the developmental trajectories, core issues, individual responses, reflections and future prospects, with special emphasis on the folk theories of globalization, the double-edged sword effects of multicultural experiences, identifications with global culture and all humanity, psychological responses to globalization, and the moral reflections on globalization. This article also attempts to provide cultural psychological interpretations of the globalization paradox and summarizes the contributions and limitations of previous work. It is our hope that our current work would promote more research to further explore how the macro-process of globalization and the micro-process of human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors dynamically (re)shape each other.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-10-19
Abstract： This article systematically sorts out the influencing factors of the mental health problems of Chinese International students. We point out that the impacts of Confucian culture, language barrier, academic stress, social relations and discrimination on the mental health of Chinese International students. Moreover, we synthesize intervention techniques for mental health problems based on three aspects: social relations, cognitive and behavior, and Internet social media, which may inspire new and effective interventions for Chinese International students in the future. We hope that this integrated review can better inform international educators, cultural psychology researchers, psychological counselors and other relevant groups to gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the acculturation difficulties and mental issues faced by Chinese International students, which will ultimately facilitate the development of effective psychological interventions. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-11-16
Abstract： The relationship of Socioeconomic status (SES) and human brain structure/function, has great significance of understanding the effects of socioeconomic factors on the psychology and behavior and preventing the brain/mental illness. Over the past decade, researchers have used cognitive neuroscience to explore the relationship between SES and the brain, finding that SES indicators are related to brain structure and function, but it remains unclear whether the conclusions of different studies are consistent. This paper reviews the researches on SES and brain, from the perspective of brain structure and function, and from the perspectives of cognition and emotion. It was found that (1) structurally, SES level may be related to the hippocampus and frontal lobe, which are considered responsible for memory and executive function, as well as the limbic system involved in emotional processing.(2) functionally, the brain regions related to executive function, learning and memory may differ in activity patterns in individuals with different SES levels. and SES is also related to the brain activity induced by emotions and rewards. It is worth noting that due to challenges such as the complexity of SES, the dynamic nature of brain development, the multi-layered influence of SES on the brain and methodological rigor, stable conclusions cannot be drawn from the current research. Therefore, this paper further points out that future research should not only tackle the above challenges, but also consider the impact of cultural differences, so as to turther understand the relationship between SES and brain and provide guidance for social policies."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-09-15
Abstract： 对他人的道德品行信息的了解，有助于个体在社会中寻找潜在的合作者并且规避潜在损失。正是由于道德品行信息的重要性，人们可能对他人道德品行相关的信息进行优先加工。基于道德基础理论，本研究探索了伤害道德和纯洁道德领域的积极与消极信息对面孔记忆的影响。32名被试首先学习与不同道德信息相联系的中性男性面孔24张，其中道德信息包括（道德领域：伤害/关爱领域和神圣/纯洁领域）×2（效价：积极和消极）这4个维度。暂短的算术分心任务之后，被试进行面孔再认记忆和来源记忆的测试。结果表明，在来源记忆效果上，纯洁道德领域相匹配的面孔可能优于与伤害道德领域相匹配的面孔。这个结果可能说明不同道德行为可能会对面孔记忆有不同的影响，纯洁领域的信息可能因为具有更强烈的情绪而让人们对面孔记忆更加深刻。作为一个探索性的研究，本实验的结论需要进一步的研究进行验证。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2018-05-08
Abstract： Statistical inference plays a critical role in modern scientific research, however, the dominant method for statistical inference in science, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), is often misunderstood and misused, which leads to unreproducible findings. To address this issue, researchers propose to adopt the Bayes factor as an alternative to NHST. The Bayes factor is a principled Bayesian tool for model selection and hypothesis testing, and can be interpreted as the strength for both the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1 based on the current data. Compared to NHST, the Bayes factor has the following advantages: it quantifies the evidence that the data provide for both the H0 and the H1, it is not “violently biased” against H0, it allows one to monitor the evidence as the data accumulate, and it does not depend on sampling plans. Importantly, the recently developed open software JASP makes the calculation of Bayes factor accessible for most researchers in psychology, as we demonstrated for the t-test. Given these advantages, adopting the Bayes factor will improve psychological researchers’ statistical inferences. Nevertheless, to make the analysis more reproducible, researchers should keep their data analysis transparent and open.
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