Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2019-07-30
Abstract： As a qualitative method, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) has been increasingly employed in psychology and other social sciences disciplines. In China, the quality of research using IPA was doubtful, and thus a systematic review of the current studies was warranted. Through a comprehensive search in Chinese and English database and screening, 49 articles were included. According to Smith’s criterion, 26 studies explicitly referred to IPA theoretical principles; 33 studies had clear and transparent data collection and analysis process. Most of the studies (n = 40) were coherent and plausible, however, only a small proportion of the studies (n = 13) provided strong evidence to support the themes. In the forty-nine included studies, only 4 articles were rated as “good”, 11 articles were “acceptable”, and the remaining 34 articles were “unacceptable”. Based on previous research and recommendations, this study attempted to present a guideline to conduct and write a good IPA study."
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-29
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Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2019-07-22
Abstract： For decades, there is increasing evidence for the importance of single-gene by environment interactions (G × E) in understanding the etiology of depression. However, several concerns have been raised about the ignoring the polygenic traits of depression when conducting G × E research using single loci. Within this context, the multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) have recently emerged as an approach of capturing polygenic nature across multiple genes. In line with the monoamine deficiency hypothesis, recent research has begun to show that the combined effects of multiple dopaminergic genetic variants are stronger than the influence of any single gene examined in isolation. Additionally, genes related to the functioning of the dopaminergic system, which coordinates individual’s response to stress. However, existing G × E research has largely focused on adverse family environments (i.e., maltreatment, maternal unresponsiveness) and to a lesser extent on positive environment, such as positive parenting. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the interaction between dopaminergic genetic variants and maternal parenting on adolescent depressive symptoms, by adopting the approach of multilocus genetic profile score. Participants were 1052 mother–offspring (adolescents mean age 12.31 ± 0.37 years old at the first time point, 50.2% females) dyads recruited from the community. Youth completed assessments twice with an interval of one year. Saliva samples, self-reported depressive symptoms and mother-reported parenting were collected. All measures showed good reliability. Genotyping in three dopaminergic genes were performed for each participant in real time with MassARRAY RT software version 3.0.0.4 and analyzed using the MassARRAY Typer software version 3.4 (Sequenom). To examine whether multilocus genetic profile score moderates the effects of parenting on adolescent depressive symptoms and whether this potential moderating effect act in a diathesis–stress or differential susceptibility manner, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. We also tested above questions by recoding into categorical variables and re-conducted analyses. The results found that multilocus genetic profile score was a significant risk factor of depression, with higher dopamine genetic risk scores (indicating lower dopaminergic neurotransmission) predicting higher levels of depression. After controlling for gender and prior depressive symptoms, the G × E effect with positive and negative parenting were also significant, suggesting that G × E interaction significantly predicted change in depression level between Time 1 and Time 2. Specifically, adolescents with higher MGPS exhibited higher risk for depression when encountered with lower levels of positive parenting and higher levels of negative parenting, compared to their counterparts with lower MGPS. The results support the diathesis-stress model and highlight the complex ways that genes and environment interact to influence development. These finding underscores complex polygenic underpinnings of depression and lends support for the mulitlocus genetic profile scores–environment interactions implicated in the etiology of depressive symptoms.
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2019-07-22
Abstract： Physical attractiveness plays an important role in the formation and development of intimate relationships. Since individuals with higher ratings of physical attractiveness are perceived as having more socially desirable traits and better genes, they are regarded as having a higher mate value that can facilitate the establishment of intimate relationships. However, because of the dissimilarity in physical attractiveness, the less attractive partner tends to employ a range of mate retention, jealous, insulting, and sexual coercion behaviors. These behaviors contribute to an acceleration of the breakup of intimate relationships. Other studies have suggested that attractive men have a higher probability of not possessing good genes, which would be favorable to intimate relationships and women do not show a stronger preference for attractive men when in the hormonal states associated with high fertility. The viewpoint of “what is beautiful is good” is currently being questioned, the findings of which have been controversial and divergent. As a result, the relevant direct evidence needs to be further consolidated.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-20
Abstract： A wealth of research shows that positive and negative reinforcement critically influence behavior. While it is well established that rewards and penalties can strongly influence mechanisms of executive control, it is unclear whether these two factors exert symmetric or qualitatively distinct behavioral effects. In the current research, we conducted two eye-movement experiments to investigate the influence of monetary reward or punishment on attentional control. We employed these cues in pro/Anti-saccade tasks in Experiment 1 and Go/No-go tasks in Experiment 2. Crucially, we investigated how either a reward (also referred to as “gain”) or penalty (also referred to as “loss”)influenced inhibitory control in the following trial. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to produce simple pro-saccades or more difficult anti-saccades, in conditions in which they received a reward for correct responses or a punishment for incorrect responses or either a reward or punishment. The results showed that, while the accuracy of the pro-saccades was facilitated by reward, the accuracy of the anti-saccades was facilitated by punishment. And the velocity of pro-saccades and anti-saccades were significantly improved by both reward and punishment. In Experiment 2, we further adopted the Go/No-go tasks to explore how reward and punishment affect attentional control via exogenous parafoveal visual cues. This showed essentially the same pattern of effects as Experiment 1. For the Go task, saccade latency significantly decreased when rewards were given relative to punishment or no motivation conditions. And for the No-go task, accuracy increased more in the punishment condition compared to the reward or no motivation conditions. An increase in saccade velocity was observed in the no motivation condition, similarly to in Experiment 1. In sum, the overall results suggest that both reward and punishment can facilitate the oculomotor control, although the findings reveal a striking asymmetry in the effects of the reward and punishment on behavior. Specifically, positive reinforcement appears to improve approach behaviors, while punishment influences inhibitory behavior. These findings suggest that the two forms of reinforcement are distinct in their influence on behavior.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-07-18
Abstract： Researchers paid more attention to the role of leadership negative behavior. Recently, researchers have begun to concern the effect of leaders’ emotions on employees in organizations. In the organization, employees are highly dependent on leaders and are more susceptible to leaders’ emotions. Emotion As Social Information (EASI) describes interpersonal effects of emotions on behavior in the interpersonal interactions. Emotional expressions affect observers’ behavior by triggering their inferential processes and/or affective reactions. The predictive strength of these two processes depends on observer’s information processing and social-relational factors. Based on this, we proposed that leader’s negative emotional displays triggers employees’ negative emotional experiences and reduce their work engagement. Motivational orientation theory states that employees process positive or negative stimuli that closely related to their jobs. Thereby these stimuli triggers employees’ goal orientation including of mastery goal orientation, performance-avoid goal orientation, performance-prove goal orientation. Based on this, we proposed that leader’s negative emotional displays have negative impacts on employee’s mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation, a positive impact on employee’s avoid goal orientation. Based on previous studies, we proposed that employee's goal orientation further predicts his or her work engagement. In summary, we proposed that goal orientation mediate the relationship between leader’s negative emotional displays and employee’s work engagement. Leader’s negative emotional displays, employee’s goal orientation and work engagement have state-like properties, varying in different environment. Thus, this study used Empirical Sampling Method (ESM) to explore the relationships between them. Within 5 work days, employees evaluated their leader’s negative emotional displays and goal orientation of themselves at 10:30 am; at 16:00, and the leaders evaluated their employee's work engagement. At last, we got 496 matching questionnaires of 109 employees and 24 leaders. The survey started from Monday to Friday, all the leaders distributed the numbered paper questionnaire to the employees, and the researchers collected it back after half an hour. They checked them and exclude the unqualified questionnaire which chose totally same options. We examined leader’s negative emotional displays and goal orientation at both interindividual(between-person level) and intraindividual (within-person) levels. To find the relationships between leader’s negative emotional displays, goal orientation and work engagement at between –person level and within-person level. This study reached the following conclusions: At within-person level, (1) Leader’s negative emotional displays in the morning have significant negative effects on employee’s mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation, while it has significant positive effect on performance-avoid goal orientation. And mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation have significant positive effects on employees’ work engagement, while performance-avoid goal orientation has a significant positive effect on it. Moreover, mastery goal orientation, performance-avoid goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation play mediating roles between leader’s negative emotional displays and employees’ work engagement. At between-person level，(2) Leader’s negative emotional displays have significant negative effects on mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation, while it has a significant positive effect on performance avoid orientation in the afternoon. And mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation have significant positive effects on employees’ work engagement, while performance-avoid goal orientation hasn’t a significant positive effect on it.. Moreover mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation play mediating roles between leader’s negative emotional displays and employee engagement. The result showed that the relationships “leader’s negative emotional displays – avoid goal orientation – work engagement” at the between-person level differ significantly from the respective relationships at the within person level. This suggested that processes are emergent. Through collecting day-level data by empirical sampling method and using multi-layer model, this study found that: First, the “emergence” effect or environmental effect. The relationship of state performance-avoid goal orientation emerged only at the within-person level of analysis. Second, leader’s negative emotional displays is an independent concept rather than a clue embedded in some kind of leader’s behavior in this study. We get more comprehensive understanding of the impact of leader’s negative emotional displays on employees’ goal motivation and work engagement. Through goal orientation, leader negative still plays affect on employees’ work engagement. Third, this study showed the impact of leadership emotions on employees from an interactive perspective. These results of this study have important management implications for managerial settings. They call our attention to improve the awareness of leader’s negative emotion management. When leaders interact with employees, leaders need to be aware that their emotions have a significant impact on employees’ goal orientation and work engagement especially when they want to decrease the performance-avoid goal orientation in the daily work. " "
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-07-17
Abstract： " Workplace civilized behavior is a proactive behavior that conveys courtesy and respect based on social and organizational role obligations. This behavior depends on organizational culture. In recent years, with the influence of positive psychology on organizational behavior research, the value of workplace civility has attracted the attention of scholars, and there has been discussion about its implication and nature. Because workplace civility is inwardly demanding of self-control and outward-oriented behavior of conveying respect, it has positive significance for the shaping of individuals, the promotion of interpersonal relationships in organizations, and the cultivation of an organizational atmosphere. Based on a literature search, this paper provides an operational definition and basic research framework for workplace civility.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2019-07-14
Abstract： " Adolescent externalizing behaviors as a general and persistent form of maladaptiveness have received widespread attention. In the past, research in the field of developmental psychology has focused more on the impact of risk factors on adolescent externalizing behaviors. Although these studies had an important role in reducing these behaviors, focusing on positive factors not only can reduce adolescent externalizing behaviors, but can also replace externalizing behaviors by promoting the development of positive behaviors. In recent years, studies have begun to examine the impact of positive factors on adolescent externalizing behaviors, and have identified multiple positive factors in the prevention of these behaviors. Few studies, however, have explored the accumulative impact of positive factors on adolescent externalizing behaviors. Concerning this topic, the developmental assets model provided us with an ideal research tool. Based on this model, the present study used a longitudinal study design to examine the cumulative effects of multiple developmental assets on adolescent externalizing behaviors. In addition, this investigation also examined the relationship model between cumulative developmental assets and externalizing behaviors, as well as the possible moderating roles of gender in this model. A sample of 1,219 adolescents were recruited from three middle schools in Shandong, China. Quantitative surveys were administered to participants in December, 2015 (T1) and December, 2016 (T2). Adolescents only participated in the first survey, completing a self-administered questionnaire involving demographic variables and developmental assets. The head teachers participated in both surveys and completed an assessment of the externalizing behaviors of the students in their class. A series of analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 software, including descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: (1) the developmental assets had a cumulative effect on the reduction of adolescents’ current and subsequent externalizing behaviors. In the cumulative effects relationship model, there was a differentiation between current and subsequent externalizing behaviors, which was characterized by the nonlinear pattern of the quadratic function between cumulative developmental assets and current externalizing behaviors, and a linear pattern between cumulative developmental assets and subsequent externalizing behaviors. (2) The moderating effect of gender was only significant in the nonlinear relationship of the quadratic function between the cumulative developmental assets and current externalizing behaviors. In short, the present study is the first to demonstrate the cumulative effects of developmental assets on adolescent externalizing behaviors, as well as the relationship model of the cumulative effects and the moderating effect of gender underlying the relationship model. This study provides a basis for targeted asset construction and the prevention of adolescent externalizing behaviors.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： 老年人的联结记忆随年龄增长而出现普遍损伤,这种增龄性联结记忆损伤究竟是因捆绑功能受损导致的特定损伤还是因整体认知机能受损导致的信息表征能力的整体损伤,还存有争论。以Naveh-Benjamin(2000)的联结损伤假说(ADH)为代表的特定损伤观认为,增龄性联结记忆损伤与老年人捆绑不同项目和提取这些捆绑的特定加工过程的损伤有关;而以Benjamin (2010)的 DRYAD模型为代表的整体损伤观则认为,增龄性联结记忆损伤与老年人因老化而导致的记忆保持精度的整体损伤有关。二者在基本观点、实验支持及存在问题上各有侧重。此外,影响增龄性联结损伤的因素还可大致分为刺激信息特性、被试主体特点两方面。同时强调未来研究不仅要关注老年人联结损伤的认知机制和影响因素,更应关注其实际应用和临床指导价值。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-10 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 采用色环搜索单任务和双任务范式，考察语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族和语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族对蓝色和绿色的辨别是否存在颜色范畴知觉效应(Categorical perception，以下简称为CP效应)。结果发现：(1)纳西族对蓝色和绿色的区分比汉族困难，体现了语言的作用；(2)语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族与语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族都出现显著的蓝绿CP效应；(3)两民族被试的左视野的CP效应受到图形记忆次任务的显著干扰，说明左视野的 CP 效应与右脑激活有关。整个研究表明，颜色CP效应既存在普遍的知觉机制，也存在语言驱动机制，语言的作用存在直接效应。研究结果支持颜色词与颜色认知的相互作用理论。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-07-05
Abstract： With further economic globalization and fast development of global companies, more firms have teams with diversified cultural backgrounds. Managers expect employees with different cultural backgrounds to contribute their experience, ideas and perspectives to team innovation. Thus, both the academia and the industry are paying great attention on how team cultural diversity would impact team innovation. In this research, based on the “categorization-elaboration” theory perspective, we further clarify the theoretical framework of team cultural diversity, examine the impact of team cultural diversity on team innovation, its underlying mechanism and the boundary conditions from the teams’ internal and external factors respectively. In practice, this study provides companies with guidelines to effectively manage teams with diversified cultures and promote innovation. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2019-07-03
Abstract： In this study, 2909 data of the patients and 1555 data of the doctors collected nationwide were analyzed, found that the cumulative variance contribution value of sub-questionnaires Doctor-Patient Security (medical version/patient version), Doctor-Patient Satisfaction 1 (medical version/patient version), Doctor-Patient Satisfaction 2 (patient version), Doctor-Patient Tolerance (medical version/patient version), Doctor-Patient Attribution style (medical version/patient version) from “Doctor-patient Social Cognition” module and the subscales Health Concept (medical version/patient version) and the Disease Concept (medical version) from "Doctor-patient social value" module of Chinese Doctor-patient Social Mentality Questionnaire were all above 50%, and the Internal consistency coefficient were between 0.642 to 0.929, Χ2 / df were between 1.614 and 3.257, GFI is greater than 0.9, RMSEA is less than 0.7, shows that the sub-questionnaires mentioned above have good reliability and validity, can be used split or combined. At the same time, this study also found that the doctors and patients groups had great differences in the dimensionality division of the same questionnaire. In addition to the Doctor-Patient Attribution Style sub-questionnaire, the two groups had significant differences in all the dimensionality division, reflecting their respective characteristics.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-07-01
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