Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-12-26
Abstract： " " " "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-24
Abstract： In modern affluent societies, where palatable foods are readily available, resisting the food craving brought by tempting food clues and keeping restrained eating to maintain a healthy body weight has become one of the challenging propositions. In recent years, in order to identify the reasons for the success of dieting, domestic scholars have created a Chinese Food Image Database to investigate the neuro-cognitive mechanism of restrained eating, and examine the differences of brain mechanism between successful and unsuccessful restrained eaters. In particular, based on the neural correlates of food craving, researches on general food craving and spicy food craving with Chinese characteristics has been carried out. Exploring the neuro-cognitive mechanisms of restrained eating and food craving can not only promote the theoretical developments of eating behavior research, but also provide important support for health interventions such as obesity and eating disorders.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-12-23
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-23
Abstract： The paper summarizes recent eye movement studies in sequence learning home and abroad. Studies of sequence learning which adopted the manual response mix several different kinds of sequence learning, and the manual response doesn’t suitable for children and patients. The eye tracking technology can overcome the shortcomings of manual response, the anticipate saccade rate, saccadic response time, anticipation index and eyeblink rate were as dependent dependent variables for sequence learning. The major issues are sequence learning by observation, developmental and clinical research, and the relationship between implicit sequence learning and attention.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-12-23
Abstract： People can infer personal traits from names, and impressions of individual can be influenced by names. It is estimated that male-oriented names and female-oriented names have difference on the perception of the big two fundamental traits: warmth and competence. It raises an interesting question: how people evaluate individuals with opposite gender-oriented names, and what effect does the name have on the individual's interpersonal interaction. To answer these questions, the first aim of the current study was to test the content of gender-oriented names in Chinese context, and examine the effects of name-gender orientation and gender on individual’s impression formation. The second aim of the study was to explore the behavioral aftereffects of names and its evaluation-behavior mechanism. Four studies were carried out to explore this problem. In Study 1, 176 undergraduate participants were presented with 100 gender orientation names, participants were asked to rate names on 4 traits (2 on warmth dimension, 2 on competence dimension). In Study 2, 121 undergraduate participants were presented with information about two subjects, two subjects are of the same sex but different gender orientation names. Participants were asked to rate two subjects on warmth and competence dimension. In Study 3a, 136 undergraduate participants were presented with introductions, which describe two person with different gender orientation names in the context of trip. In Study 3b, 131 undergraduate participants were imagined that they would meet two person with different names in the context of finishing task. Participants in Study 3a and Study 3b were then asked to evaluate subjects on 6 traits (3 on warmth dimension, 3 on competence dimension), and choose one as partner to complete corresponding activities. The results showed that: (1) Female-oriented names were higher on warmth than male-oriented names, male-oriented names were higher on competence than female-oriented names; (2) Individuals with gender-consistent names were considered to have the characteristic of typical male or female: female with female-oriented names were perceived more warmth than female with male-oriented names, and male with male-oriented names were perceived more competence than man with female-oriented names; (3) Individuals with gender-inconsistent names were considered to have the characteristics of the opposite sex: male with female-oriented names were perceived more warm than female with male-oriented names, female with male-oriented names were perceived more competence than male with female-oriented names; (4) Participants intended to make friends with female subjects whose name is consistent with gender, and trait warmth totally mediated the impact of gender-oriented names on willingness to interact; Participants intended to finish task with male whose name is consistent with gender, and trait competence totally mediated the impact of gender-oriented names on willingness to cooperate. In conclusion, the current study is the first to explore gender-oriented names and gender on impression of name owners by applying the content of stereotype, and examines the influence of gender-oriented names on individual impression and behavior intention and its mechanism from the perspective of social motivation. This study provides new theoretical basis and empirical support for impression evaluation and interpersonal interaction based on names, and has important implications for the future research about name social cognition. Future research should explore the content of gender-ambiguous names and its’ effects on individual’s impression and behavior aftereffects, and combine emotion and cognition to examine the influence of names on interpersonal interaction. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-17
Abstract： " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-14
Abstract： Previous research has shown that using adaptive emotion-regulation strategies, particularly cognitive reappraisal, can help reduce procrastination. However, the precise cognitive mechanisms underlying the impact of emotion regulation on procrastination remain unclear. The temporal decision model of procrastination posits that procrastination is primarily influenced by the tradeoff between task aversiveness and outcome utility. When task aversiveness surpasses outcome utility, individuals are more likely to procrastinate, whereas when outcome utility outweighs task aversiveness, immediate action is more probable. Consequently, emotion regulation could reduce procrastination by diminishing task aversiveness or by improving outcome utility.
To investigate this issue, based on Gross’s emotion regulation theory and the temporal decision model of procrastination, this research focuses on individuals exhibiting high levels of procrastination (as measured by the General Procrastination Scale, with scores above 67.5). These participants were divided into two groups: the positive reappraisal group (consisting of 34 individuals) and the ineffective strategy group (also consisting of 34 individuals). Over a period of 7 days, the two groups were longitudinally tracked through empirical sampling, resulting in a total of 14 data collection points.
The results showed that: (1) There was no notable disparity between the two groups in task executive willingness during the pre-test, while the positive reappraisal group demonstrated a significantly higher task executive willingness compared to the ineffective strategy group in the post-test, indicating that positive reappraisal significantly enhanced individuals’ task executive willingness. (2) No significant difference was observed in task aversiveness between the two groups during the pre-test, while the positive reappraisal group exhibited noticeably lower levels of task aversiveness compared to the ineffective strategy group in the post-test. Additionally, initial outcome utility levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, while the positive reappraisal group demonstrated significantly higher outcome utility compared to the ineffective strategy group in the post-test. (3) Mediation analysis indicated that the reduction of task aversiveness mediated the influence of emotion regulation on the degree of improvement in procrastination (that is, the increase in task executive willingness), whereas the increase of outcome utility did not mediate the impact of emotion regulation on the degree of improvement in procrastination ((that is, the increase in task executive willingness).
These findings suggest that emotional regulation mainly enhance individuals’ task executive willingness by diminishing task aversiveness, thereby reducing procrastination behavior. This offers a strong theoretical foundation for interventions targeting procrastination through the lens of emotional regulation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2020-12-14
Abstract： Interpreting can be regarded as an intensive language switching activity. Compared with non-interpreting bilinguals, interpreters have shown advantages in both abilities of rule-based switch and task-based switch. However, it is still disputed whether interpreter advantages in task-based switch originate from local switch or global monitoring. Preliminary evidence shows that interpreting training first brings interpreters an advantage in local switch (indexed by switch cost in a univalent switching task), and then later it may bring interpreters an advantage in global monitoring (indexed by mixing cost in a bivalent switching task). The intensity of language switch and other particular language control features of interpreting are probably the factors affecting the presence and development of interpreters’ advantages in switching. These results have implications for research on bilingual advantages and other related topics.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-12
Abstract：空间交互是人类生存和社交的重要内容, 主要包括语言交流和视角采择两大范畴。对空间交互策略和效率的影响因素的研究, 传统上集中于空间因素, 近年来逐渐开始关注各种社会因素, 包括个体自身的社会认知特质、交互对象的社会属性和空间环境中的社会线索, 并从不同角度提出了理论解释。未来研究应关注社会认知与空间认知的跨领域融合, 考察更加多元的空间交互对象, 最终建立一个整合空间和社会因素的空间交互理论框架。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-10
Abstract： Music is a way of aesthetic education, and music emotion perception is the basis of aesthetic appreciation and music appreciation. Musical emotion perception refers to the individual's perception and judgment of the hidden emotions in musical works. This article analyze the music emotion perception mechanism and its theory, from the brain mechanisms, age, gender, music preferences and personality traits, music learning experience, culture and lyrics in eight aspects, such as summary, the influence of music emotion perception and in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of existing research, points out the future research can be further clear music emotion perception of correlation research and effects, and strengthen the research of localization. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2020-12-10
Abstract： Progress feedback involves collecting patients’ ratings on treatment outcome session by session and providing feedback to therapists on patient progress. Research has indicated that the positive effect of progress feedback on psychotherapy outcome is a promising advancement. However, a recent meta-analysis showed that progress feedback may only have a small to medium effect for non-severe patients. Also, there is a limited theory in explaining the effect of progress feedback. Before implementing the progress feedback in China, it is necessary to test its effect on working alliance and treatment outcomes in a natural setting. It is believed that Chinese are taught to obey their parents, respect elders, and restrain themselves to keep family harmony. Such schemas are subsequently transferred to their social life in the forms of respecting authority/superior, maintaining interpersonal harmony, which will lead to an indirect style of communication. Progress feedback from patients’ weekly reports can be used as a correction method for incongruences between therapists and patients without discussing it immediately and face-to-face, and thus can improve the quality of working alliance and treatment outcomes. The current study used a culturally-adapted version of progress feedback procedure in a university counseling center. Research assistants collected patients’ ratings on working alliance and treatment outcomes and sent the results with interpretations to therapists’ email address. Therapists were encouraged to use feedback information to improve treatment outcomes. The participants included 48 therapists and 445 patients (350 were used for analysis). Post survey indicated that 80% therapists read progress feedback information based on which feedback group was determined. CORE-OM10 was used to evaluate symptoms before each session and WAQ was used to evaluate the working alliance after each session. PHQ-9, GAD-7, and CORE-OM-34 were used before and after treatment. Multi-level structural equation models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that progress feedback had a medium effect on working alliance but no effect on treatment outcomes (measured by CORE-OM) at the between-person level. At the within-person level, the results affirmed the reciprocal model of alliance-outcome which indicated that the model is consistent and steady across cultures. In addition, the feedback group had better treatment outcomes measured by PHQ-9 and self-rated helpfulness measured after treatment. The results were discussed under the possible three mechanisms of progress feedback. Progress feedback may correct the blindness of the therapist’s self-evaluation on treatment process, can correct the incongruence and alliance ruptures between therapists and patients. The cultural-specific factors may also contribute to the effect of progress feedback (e.g., indirect communication style). The support from regular supervision for therapists under progress feedback was emphasized as well. Overall, the present study suggested the positive effect of progress feedback on the working alliance and treatment outcomes in a Chinese counseling center based on practical evidence.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2020-12-09
Abstract： Mental health literacy is a very important issue in the field of mental health research, but the concept of mental health literacy still has defects, and lack of comprehensive measurement tools of mental health literacy.Based on the reconstruction of the theoretical model of mental health literacy, this study developed a measurement tool based on this model, the Mental health literacy Questionnaire, which can evaluate all components of mental health literacy.The development of mental health literacy questionnaire has gone through four main stages: the theoretical construction of mental health literacy, the development of measurement tools, project testing and psychometrics index evaluation.The final questionnaire contains six subscales corresponding to six components of mental health literacy: knowledge and concept of mental illness;Knowledge and concepts of mental health;Attitudes and habits to deal with mental illness;Maintain and promote mental health attitudes and habits;Attitudes and habits in dealing with other people's mental illness;Attitudes and habits that maintain and promote the mental health of others.There are 60 items in the questionnaire.The results show that the mental health literacy scale has good internal consistency reliability, retest reliability, content validity, convergent validity and predictive validity.The mental health literacy scale can be used to assess individual and group levels of various components of mental health literacy.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-08
Abstract： Curiosity has a long history of research and rich definitions and classifications as a common mental state and personality trait. The division and coordination of multiple brain regions enable individuals to form a cognitive process of generating and evaluating prediction error, triggering and mediating curiosity, and producing surprise and new prediction error, so as to reduce the prediction error and information gap between internal states and external environment, and eliminate uncertainty. Curiosity has a significant role in improving cognitive function and maintaining mental and physical health during development. Future research can be further considered from a cross-species, interdisciplinary, and multi-domain perspective to promote the deepening of research topics, the development of research methods, and the application of research results in curiosity." "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-07
Abstract： " Schizophrenia is a common psychotic disease whose etiology and mechanism are not well defined. It has been shown that the symptoms of cognitive disorder and abnormal thoughts of schizophrenics are associated with the deficit of sensory gating. Sensory gating refers to filter irrelevant sensory information from the external ones and then implement the cognitive process related to attention, so as to respond to prominent stimuli. The pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm is always used to study sensory gating. It has been found that dopamine D2 receptors play a critical role in regulating PPI, but the mechanisms underlying the role of dopamine D2 receptors in regulating PPI remain largely elusive. The review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the regulating effect of dopamine D2 receptors on sensory gating, so as to promote the in-depth study of sensory gating function in schizophrenia.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-12-06
Abstract： In many studies, victims of workplace ostracism are often portrayed as somewhat passive actors experiencing negative outcomes such as demoralization, suspicion, helplessness, and stress. However, this line of research conclusion has recently been questioned. A few studies have shown that social excluded people in specific situations may exhibit more prosocial behaviors and achieve higher task performance. Unfortunately, the mechanism through which these contradictory effects occur has not been fully explained. Furthermore, although there is evidence that social excluded employees will engage in behaviors towards enhancing their standing in the organization, existing research has not fully considered the degree to which this behavior is authentic, in which one’s actions are consistent with one’s inner values and preferences. In order to addressing these theoretical gaps, drawing upon the self-presentational perspective, we hypothesized that employees’ collectivism values strengthen the likelihood that employees will create facades of conformity when suffering from workplace ostracism. We further demonstrated that whether supervisor a collectivist determines how employees’ creating facades of conformity affect subsequent performance ratings. We test these hypotheses in an experimental study and a field sample of supervisor-employee dyads. For the experimental study, we recruited 142 full-time Chinese workers in different industries through the authors’ alumni networks as participants. They were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: the ostracism condition (n = 70) versus the inclusion condition (n = 72). Participants first completed a measure of collectivism values and reported the demographics, then they were asked to read a scenario displayed on the computer, which depicted a situation in which the participant was ostracized (or included) by team members in a hypothetical organization. After reading the scenario, participants finished the manipulation check and indicated to what extent they would be likely to engage in creating facades of conformity. In terms of the field study, we collected 254 dyadic data at three time-spots from a large air company in China. At Time 1, employees assessed perceived workplace ostracism and their collectivism values as well as demographic variables. At Time 2, one months later, employees rated their self-esteem level, and the extent to which they create facades of conformity, conduct self-leadership and impression management strategies. At Time 3, two months later, supervisors provided a performance evaluation of the focal employee and their own collectivism values. We applied confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis and bootstrap methods via SPSS 22.0 and Mplus7.4 software to analyze the data. Empirical results supported our arguments that workplace ostracism was positively related to facades of conformity. The relationship between workplace ostracism and facades of conformity was stronger when employees were high in collectivism values. When supervisors themselves also hold high collectivism values, employees’ facades of conformity are positively related to supervisors’ evaluations of job performance. Moreover, workplace ostracism has a conditional, positive indirect effect on supervisor’s evaluations of employee performance via employee facades of conformity, such that the indirect effect is positive when both employee and supervisors’ collectivism values are high. With these findings, we make several contributions to the literature and management practice. First, we offered a new explanatory mechanism for understanding the complex relationship between workplace ostracism and employee performance from a self-presentational perspective by examining the mediating role of create facades of conformity. Second, our findings about the moderating effect of employees’ collectivism values provide explanations for the differential reaction to negative workplace experiences such as workplace ostracism as well as its consequence. Third, by exploring the contingent role of leaders’ collectivism values, our study is among the earliest attempts to consider the role of bystanders in the ostracism process. Finally, we enrich the research field of conformity by examining new criteria, thus response to the call of exploring the antecedents and consequences of facades of conformity. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-12-05
Abstract： The visual design of texts and wordmarks plays an important part in marketing communication. It directly affects consumers first impression of the brand. The importance of text is not only reflected in the readability of the content, but also in consumers perception and response. Despite the importance of typefaces, surprisingly little research is done on this topic. Existing literature is largely scattered in different fields such as linguistics, design and psychology. There exists conflicting conclusions which lack the support of integrated framework. The current review thus attempts to fill in this gap by providing a systematic framework of the typeface effect. In the first part of this paper, we collected literature regarding the categorization and definition of typefaces. In the second part, we focused on the influence of typefaces on consumer perception and behavior, as well as the three major psychological mechanisms of the typeface effect, namely, appropriateness, perceptual memory and perception of human presence. In addition, we discussed how typefaces are regulated by consumer characteristics, product types, and external environment. Last but not least, we provided insight into the theoretical and managerial value of typefaces in marketing, and also the potential topics for future studies. " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-12-04
Abstract： Stigma refers to an individual’s unwelcome characteristics, which always lead people to be devalued and discriminated in some given societies and brings lots of negative consequences on an individual’s daily life. Stigmatization not only will make individuals involved in discrimination, exclusion, or rejection coming from others but also will further negatively affect their performance and behavioral responses in interpersonal interactions. These negative interactions between the stigmatized individuals and the mainstream cultural groups will further aggravate the stigmatization, forming a vicious circle. From the viewpoint of stigmatized individuals, it is helpful to explore the negative effect of stigmatization on their interpersonal interactions and the coping strategies." "
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-12-03
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2020-12-02
Abstract： " Procrastination, as Steel (2007) reviewed, is the phenomenon that individuals voluntarily delay to start or complete an intended course of action despite expecting to be worse off for the delay. The previous studies have indicated that chronic procrastination exists in different cultural backgrounds, with about 15%~20% of adults troubled. Academically, more than 40% of students admit to academic procrastination, and some may even suffer from chronic tendencies. Obviously, putting off the task irrationally not only does harm to individuals’ study, work, emotion, but also endangers mental health. However, little is known about procrastination concerning the core mechanism of origin, the critical period of its formation, and its corresponding underlying neural substrates. To fill this gap, the current study investigates the core mechanism of procrastinated decision-making, especially the cognitive and neural mechanisms of long-term value evaluation, delay discounting and self-control, which rely on the Temporal Decision Model (TDM) we outlined. In addition, on the basis of child development, we further aim to clarify the formation of the critical period and ascertain the relevant factors and corresponding neural mechanisms from a behavior-environment-brain perspective. What’s more, considering intervention for procrastination and malleability of the brain, we would also shed light on how to prevent or intervene the procrastination in these critical periods. Thus, the current project can reap enormous scientific contributions to clarify the neurocognitive mechanism and the rules of development of procrastination, and further obtain the practical significance for the prevention and intervention against procrastination.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2020-11-30
Abstract： When confronted with reminders of an unpleasant memory, people often try to prevent the unwanted memory from coming to mind. Suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) means that the attempt to prevent unwanted memories from entering awareness results in a decrease in the long-term accessibility of these memories. Previous studies indicated that the suppression of retrieval is accomplished by control mechanisms that inhibit unwanted memories. Suppressing retrieval increased engagement of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle frontal gyrus and concomitantly decreased engagement of the hippocampus. The degree of SIF is affected by the emotionality of information and an individual’s emotional state and training. Future studies should investigate ways to improve the therapeutic effects of SIF on clinical pathological memory based on an in-depth understanding of the neural mechanisms of SIF. "
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