Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： A number of researches suggest that dorso-dorsal stream represents grasping action and ventro- dorsal stream represents using action. They form structure-based action representation and function-based action representation respectively, which play a role in manipulable object representation and recognition. Difference exists between the two kinds of action representation in neural substrates, activation condition, time course, and their relationships with long-term memory. Researches on the two kinds of action representation not only demonstrate the importance of action information for manipulable object recognition, but also provide implication for further researches on how manipulable objects are represented in human brain.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Visual motion perception is the process human brain perceives the dynamic/motion characteristics of objects. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibit deficits in visual processing, such as in optical flow, second-order motion, coherent motion, biological motion, motion speed, and obsessing in repetitive moving objects. While various hypotheses (the Dorsal/Magnocellular pathway-specific hypothesis, Complexity-specific hypothesis, Neural noise hypothesis, Flatter-prior hypothesis, Temporo-spatial processing deficit, Extreme male brain hypothesis, and Social brain hypothesis) have been proposed to explain the abnormal visual processing in autism, none of them has been proven definitively so far. Future study should focus on investigating individual differences and neural mechanism of abnormal visual motion perception, integrating and verifying the hypotheses, as well as exploiting effective evaluation tools and interventions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The two-dimension tactile image is the main approach of translating visual information into haptic information. It plays an important role in helping visually impaired people perceive the external world. The recognition of haptic two-dimension image is considered to be based on the “visual translation” process where the haptic input is translated into the visual image. This process is influenced by the graphic geometric feature, perspective, visual experience, capability of visual representation, the process of tactile exploration, training and age. Exploration of the cognitive neural mechanism of two-dimension images haptic recognition is significant for improving the design and usability of two-dimension tactile images.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： It is of great value to recognize concealed emotions for early warning of public security issues. Micro-expression is a vital channel to reveal concealed emotions. However, there are relatively few studies on concealed emotions, and micro-expressions are challenging to recognize because of their subtle magnitude and short duration. Existing Laboratory studies of micro-expression have few practical applications. Therefore, the perception and expression of concealed emotion should be systematically investigated by collecting micro-expression samples in an ecological situation, while synchronically collecting EEG signals for better labeling of micro-expressions. We spot and recognize concealed emotions mainly through micro-expressions, accompanied by face color analysis, gaze estimation, and contactless physiological signals measurement. Then, we verify and modify our system and method in two realistic public security related application scenarios: a Recognition Assistant System for the aggressive and suicidal behaviors of psychiatric patients and a Concealed Emotion Detection System for prisoners interview.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Estimating the time-to-collision (TTC) of approaching objects is crucial for organism survival. Researchers have proposed the constructivist approaches, the ecological optics theory and the tau hypothesis to explain how humans estimate TTC and which factors may affect the estimation. Recently, a few studies examined how the emotional content of stimuli impacts TTC estimation, by comparing TTC judgements between threatening and nonthreatening stimuli. Their findings suggest that natural threatening stimuli (e.g., images of snakes) lead to underestimation of TTC compared to natural nonthreatening stimuli (e.g., images of rabbits). However, other findings suggest that TTC underestimation of social threatening stimuli (e.g. pictures of angry faces) is smaller or absent. Underestimated TTC of threatening stimuli may be due to 1) a specific response to threatening stimuli, 2) high emotional arousal of threatening stimuli, and 3) a perceptual bias causing threatening stimuli to appear closer and move faster than typical. We suggest that future studies should (1) further investigate the reasons why TTC underestimation of social threatening stimuli is smaller or absent, (2) explore the autonomic physiological response patterns and neural correlates of TTC estimation of threatening stimuli, (3) examine TTC estimation of threatening stimuli in virtual reality (VR) environments, and (4) experimentally test the effects of individual differences (e.g., gender and personality traits) on TTC estimation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Sense of agency (SOA) refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions and events in the external world through voluntary actions. Over the past two decades, SOA has increasingly attracted attention from researchers, and its cognitive neural mechanism is still a cutting-edge scientific problem in this field. There are two ways to measure SOA: explicit measurement (i.e., the explicit judgements of agency reported by individuals) and implicit measurement (i.e., sensory perception difference). Both the temporal binding effect and the sensory attenuation effect can be used as implicit measures for SOA. Intention of action and sensory feedback are two core components constituting the SOA. Intention of action is a conscious experience of determining or planning to initiate an action. Extinction and termination of intention can prospectively affect SOA. The valence of action outcome, the causal relationship between an action and its outcome, and the characteristics of the outcome may retrospectively affect the sense of agency. According to the Comparator Model, a copy of the action command contained in the subjective intention predicts the outcome before action. When comparing the predicted sensory outcome with the actual feedback of the action, the prediction error is zero, generating SOA. Evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that intention may be closely related to the activities in the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, and the action outcome may be related to the activities of the posterior parietal cortex. This project will focus on the neural substrates underlying SOA, and explore the prospective way of intention and the retrospective way of outcome exerting on SOA by manipulating different attributes of two core components (i.e., subjective intention and action outcome). The magnetoencephalography technology, which is of high temporal and spatial resolution, is employed to extract the time-space characteristics of SOA at the fronto-parietal network in both the time windows of action-outcome and after-outcome. Elucidating the neural mechanism of SOA will contribute to our understanding of the generation and aftereffects of human actions, thus providing implications for demarcating behavioral responsibilities in moral and legal settings, and for diagnosing related mental diseases.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Two-dimensional (2D) tangible image is an important alternative way for visually impaired people to obtain image information. Most existing tactile 2D images are tangible line drawings directly transformed from visual 2D images. The expression of spatial information in the visual 2D images usually follows principles of perspective and viewpoint transforming three-dimensional (3D) space into 2D planar. The mapping from 2D image to 3D space in visual system is learned through long-time perceptual learning. However, it still needs further exploration about cognitive mechanisms of 2D-to-3D spatial information transformation established by haptic system in haptic recognition of 2D images. The visual features of 2D images, including perspective, viewpoint, occlusion, texture gradient and hollow-out, affect the 2D-to-3D spatial information transformation in haptic recognition of 2D images mainly. These visual factors usually interfere with the recognition of 2D tactile images which are directly transformed from 2D visual images. Therefore, visual factors, such as perspective and viewpoint, cannot be directly transferred to tactile 2D images. Based on the findings of existing researches, a dual-imagery processing model is proposed to explain the mechanisms of 2D-to-3D spatial information transformation when touching 2D tangible images, and the cognitive mechanism concerning about how visual factors modulate the 2D-to-3D spatial information transformation. The following are key points of this model: Firstly, the cognitive process of haptic recognition of 2D images consists of three modules: haptic perception, working memory and long-term memory. (1) The "haptic perception" module receives tactile and proprioceptive information, obtains the texture, shape and size information of the object, then forms the spatial relationship information of each part of the object, including perspective and viewpoint, by further sensory integration; (2) The "working memory" contains two sub-modules: Object-imagery-based sub-module forms the object imagery of the 2D images using the object information (texture, shape and size) offered by the "haptic perception", In contrast, spatial-imagery-based sub-module forms the spatial imagery of 2D images using the space information (spatial relationship, perspective, and viewpoint) offered by the "haptic perception" module; (3) The "long-term memory" module stores the individual's prior knowledge, experience, and representation of the objects and interacts with other two modules Secondly, haptic recognition of 2D images depends on the coordination of object imagery and spatial imagery. Successful haptic recognition of 2D images requires the effective integration of object imagery and spatial imagery. Otherwise, the 2D images cannot be recognized by touching. The dual-imagery processing model could contribute to the further exploration of haptic recognition and its cognitive mechanism, and provide theoretical guidance for the design of 2D tangible images.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-02-21
Abstract：可触摸的触觉二维图像是视觉障碍人群获取图像信息的重要方式。目前大多数触觉二维图像都是直接由视觉二维图像转化为的可触摸线条图。在视觉二维图像中，通常运用透视和视角等视觉原理将三维空间关系转换为二维平面关系。视觉系统经过长期大量知觉学习，习得了这种二维到三维的映射关系。但是触觉识别二维图像时，触觉系统如何建立二维平面与三维空间的映射，目前尚有待进一步的研究。影响触觉识别二维图像中二维-三维空间信息转换的视觉因素主要有透视、视角、遮挡、纹理梯度和镂空，直接将视觉二维图像转化为的触觉二维图像时，图像中包含的上述视觉因素通常会干扰触觉识别。结合已有研究，试图提出双表象加工模型来解释触摸二维图像时二维到三维空间信息转换的认知机制。该模型认为触觉识别二维图像依赖于两个表象系统的整合，即物体表象系统（涉及物体的大小、形状和纹理）与空间表象系统（涉及物体的空间关系、透视和视角）。两种表象系统的信息最终进行整合，在物体表象和空间表象成功匹配的基础上建立二维图像与三维空间之间的映射，通达长时记忆中的三维物体表征。双表象加工模型将有助于我们深入认识触知觉的认知机制，也将为触觉二维图像的设计提供理论依据。
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-05-16
Abstract： Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions and, through them, events in the external world when performing voluntary actions. Intention of action and sensory feedback are two core components that constitute the sense of agency. However, the cognitive neural mechanism underlying the influence of these two components on SoA is unclear. We propose to explore the feedforward effect of action intention and the feedback effect of sensory feedback on SoA. The magnetoencephalography technology, which is of high temporal and spatial resolution, is employed to extract the time-space characteristics of sense of agency at the fronto-parietal network in both the time windows of action-outcome and after-outcome. The elucidation of this cognitive neural mechanism of SoA will contribute to our understanding of the generation and aftereffects of human actions; furthermore, it will provide implications for the demarcation of behavioral responsibilities in moral and legal settings, and for the clinical diagnoses of related mental diseases. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-11-30
Abstract： The sense of agency is the experience of controlling one's own motor acts and, through these acts, controlling the course of external events in the interaction with the environment. It can be extended to the actions of other agents and the outcomes caused by their actions in social interaction. A large number of studies in the context of social interaction have shown that the sense of agency is influenced by social interaction situations such as observation, competition, cooperation and hierarchical interaction. Relevant neural mechanism studies have demonstrated that the fronto-parietal network, including primary motor cortex, angular gyrus, insula, temporo-parietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus, plays an important role in the sense of agency in social interaction. Future researches need to further explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the effects of social interaction situations on sense of agency, investigate the influences of multimodal stimuli on sense of agency in social interaction, and consider the modulation effects of sense of agency on cognitive processes and behavioral responses in social interaction. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-08-04
Abstract： Research have demonstrated that memory for actions is usually better following subject-performed tasks (SPT) than verbal tasks (VT) in recognition memory tasks. This superiority of SPT over VT is known as the “enactment effect” or the “SPT effect”. Previous evidence for this SPT effect in recognition memory is mostly based on item recognition, recent research for the first time demonstrated that enactment can also improve associative recognition of verb and object. Our research aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of enactment effect in associative memory. Combining ERP, Eye-tracking and the online combination of these two techniques, this research will examine associative memory by using episodic priming, cue recognition and associative recognition paradigms under SPT and VT encodings. This research will deepen our understanding of how enactment enhances action memory and also of the role of unitization in associative memory and advance both lines of research and theories of memory. This research also promises practical progress of improving human learning and memory especially associative memory.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-06-09
Abstract： Estimating the time-to-collision (TTC) of approaching objects is crucial for organism survival. Researchers have proposed the constructivist approaches, the ecological optics theory and the tau hypothesis to explain how humans estimate TTC and which factors may affect the estimation. Recently, a few studies examined how the emotional content of stimuli impacts TTC estimation, by comparing TTC judgements between threatening and nonthreatening stimuli. Their findings suggest that natural threatening stimuli (e.g., images of snakes) lead to underestimation of TTC compared to natural nonthreatening stimuli (e.g., images of rabbits). However, other findings suggest that TTC underestimation of social threatening stimuli (e.g. pictures of angry faces) is smaller or absent. Underestimated TTC of threatening stimuli may be due to 1) a specific response to threatening stimuli, 2) high emotional arousal of threatening stimuli, and 3) a perceptual bias causing threatening stimuli to appear closer and move faster than typical. We suggest that future studies should (1) further investigate the reasons why TTC underestimation of social threatening stimuli is smaller or absent, (2) explore the autonomic physiological response patterns and neural correlates of TTC estimation of threatening stimuli, (3) examine TTC estimation of threatening stimuli in virtual reality (VR) environments, and (4) experimentally test the effects of individual differences (e.g., gender and personality traits) on TTC estimation. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-06-14
Abstract： " Shame, as a typical moral emotion, has an influence on individual behavior that is both complex and controversial. Previous studies have found that shame produces both an unpleasant experience and a moral emotion that encourages individuals to produce positive behaviors. In recent years, Hooge’s research has proceeded from the perspective of motivation. He believes that, no matter how shame makes individuals perform, their motivation is to restore and protect the damaged self. Therefore, based on Hooge's theory, this research will examine this typical immoral behavior as an example to discuss the impact of shame upon it and its ways. In this study, students from a university were randomly selected as participants, and the number of each experiment’s participants was arranged according to the experimental requirements. Questionnaires and behavioral experiments were used throughout the experiment, and the experimental procedures were completed in accordance with the regulations of each experiment. The requirements for each experiment were different and the procedures for conducting the experiment were different. The statistical methods of the study were also based on the requirements of each experiment. Experiment 1 examines whether shame has an effect on deceptive behavior. Its results show that the number and tendency of deception in the shamed group were significantly lower than in the control group. To more fully explore the impact of shame on deceptive behavior in different contexts, Experiment 2 improved upon the deficiencies of Experiment 1 and divided shame situations into two types: moral anomie and lack of ability. It was found that the number of deceptions in the moral anomie shamed group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the number of deceptions in the lack of ability shamed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. To examine the specific methods and mechanisms of shame in affecting deception, we propose that shamed individuals increase their self–control resources and, thus, reduce the theory of fraud. Experiment 3a examined the impact of shame on self–control resources and found that the self–control resources of the shamed group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Experiment 3b explored the specific mechanisms of shame affecting deceptive behavior. It was found that self–control resources played a complete mediating role in the process of shame in affecting deception. In summary, these findings suggest that shame can deter deception under certain conditions. The condition is that shame is caused by moral disorder rather than lack of ability; the mechanism of shame in affecting behavior may be: Individuals who feel shame will restore and protect the damaged moral self by mobilizing more self–control resources to influence behavior. " " "
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-12-17
Abstract： The intentional binding effect refers to subjective compression in time between a voluntary action and its delayed outcome. Sense of agency based on action and causation are two explanations for this effect. We first introduced the mechanisms underlying sense of agency related to action and sense of agency related to causation to interpret the intentional binding effect through providing corresponding evidence from both behavioral and neural perspectives. Meanwhile, we discussed the relationship between these two explanations for the intentional binding effect. We provide two perspectives regarding the relationship between the two factors to explain intentional binding effect.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： People prefer beautiful visual artworks. Aesthetic experiences to beautiful and ugly images are different. Studies on neuroaesthetics showed different neural responses to beautiful stimuli compared to ugly stimuli. The first stage of aesthetic experience of a visual artwork is visual perception of the stimulus. Most research about aesthetic processing focused on stimuli presented consciously. Little is known about whether aesthetic processing can occur unconsciously. Previous research suggested that both beautiful paintings and attractive faces can elicit activation of the reward circuitry in our brain. Attractive faces break through continuous flash suppression more quickly than unattractive faces. Thus, it is possible that unconscious processing of beautiful paintings is different from that of less beautiful paintings. In two experiments, the present study adopted continuous flash suppression paradigm to investigate whether aesthetic ratings of western paintings influenced the time for stimuli to break suppression. We also compared the suppression effect of achromatic (Experiment 1) and chromatic (Experiment 2) noise pictures.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract： 理清“一带一路”沿线国家或地区的民心特点，并找到有效的合作交往模式，是关系到国家战略实施的重大问题。但是，由于地域辽阔、民族众多，且地缘政治、经济、文化因素（如原苏联影响、欧美国家殖民、宗教传统等）异常复杂，传统的分析方法往往难以奏效。该研究结合文化心理学和大数据分析技术，利用社交媒体Twitter数据来分析“一带一路”沿线国家或地区的自我表征特点（独立性或个人主义），并建立自我表征与社会信任（普遍信任、特殊信任）的预测模型，以探究与“一带一路”沿线国家或地区合作交往的行为模式，即：自我表征是独立，还是互依；人际关系偏好是陌生人之间的普遍信任，还是熟人间的特殊信任。结果表明，“一带一路”沿线国家或地区在自我独立性这一个人主义文化指标上存在较大的变异，且主要受欧美国家殖民历史和当地宗教传统的影响；此外，针对陌生人、外国人的普遍信任与针对家人、熟人的特殊信任，可以通过个人主义指标来预测。总之，“一带一路”沿线的文化是多样的，可以通过社交媒体产生的海量语料库快速计算其个人主义指标，并以此来建立自我表征与社会信任的预测模型。该研究为分析“一带一路”战略区域的“民心”特点、探索当地合作交往的行为模式提供了新的技术路径。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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