Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-03-28
Abstract： Amidst intense competition, the precise recognition of innovative solutions aligned with the enterprise’s needs emerges as paramount for a company’s survival and growth. Decision-makers’ creativity recognition holds a central position in the literature on organizational creativity and innovation. However, existing studies often overlook the substantial impact of competition, leaving decision-makers’ cognitive biases and the underlying mechanisms unexplored. Consequently, research findings lack the explanatory power necessary for real-world phenomena. Within the corporate innovation process, decision-makers frequently engage in prolonged competition with closely matched opponents, transforming routine competition into enduring rivalry. Acknowledging this context, the current project adopts a relational competition perspective to investigate how the rivalry between decision-makers influences the accuracy of creativity recognition for both parties. Employing a mixed-method approach, encompassing laboratory experiments, field studies, and archival analysis across four studies, the project explores the nuanced effects of rivalry on decision-makers’ creativity recognition. Furthermore, the project seeks to unveil the mediating roles of cognitive processing depth and breadth paths while examining the boundary conditions. Leveraging the rivalry perspective, this project sheds new light on decision-makers’ cognitive biases in creativity recognition and the underlying mechanisms contributing to these biases. In terms of practical implications, this project can also assist decision-makers in comprehending and mitigating biases effectively.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-03-24
Abstract： Mnemonic discrimination (MD) refers to the ability to accurately distinguish similar memory experiences, which relies on a neural computing mechanism known as pattern separation. Currently, mnemonic similarity task (MST) is commonly employed to measure and study MD. The elderly tend to exhibit a noticeable decline in MD. This decline is proved to be associated with damage to the structural and functional integrity of the medial temporal lobe, which occurs during the aging process. Some researchers have also suggested that the aging of the neocortex can influence MD. Given its reliance on the medial temporal lobe, MD can reflect abnormal brain structural damage and functional decline in the early stages of cognitive impairment. Thus, MST has significant potential in early identification of cognitive impairment. To further explore the causes of the decline in MD, future studies should employ more advanced imaging techniques to separately investigate the effects of aging in the dentate gyrus and CA3 subregion on MD. It is also critical to explore the neural mechanisms underlying age-related changes in MD, with a particular focus on neocortical regions like the prefrontal cortex. Large-scale prospective cohorts should also be established to validate the effectiveness of MST in early identification of cognitive impairment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-11-22
Abstract： The unique Chinese first name "Zhaodi" (招娣) offers an intriguing lens to examine provincial variations in son preference and its deep-rooted ties to clan culture. While most first names carry implicit or ambiguous meanings, "Zhaodi" stands out as it explicitly signifies parents' fervent hope for a male child next. At a provincial level, the prevalence of the name "Zhaodi" can be viewed as an indicator of son preference. Clan culture, deeply intertwined with Confucianism, emphasizes a patriarchal lineage and distinct social norms, such as sons enjoying more privileges than daughters. Though clan culture permeates throughout China, its intensity varies across provinces. This study aims to investigate the provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi" and its correlation with clan culture. We hypothesize that regions with a stronger clan culture are more likely to name their daughters "Zhaodi".
Data on the prevalence of "Zhaodi" and clan culture across provinces were sourced from public government databases. Initially, the frequency of "Zhaodi" was obtained from www.gjzwfw.gov.cn, considering the top 10 popular surnames. Subsequently, female population data was sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics (www.stats.gov.cn). The prevalence of "Zhaodi" was then computed by dividing the frequency of "Zhaodi" by the female population, adjusted per million (ppm) for each province. Clan culture strength was determined by the prevalence of "jiapu", as per the methodology of Greif and Tabellini (2017). Data on "jiapu" was sourced from the National Jiapu Platform of the Shanghai Library (www.library.sh.cn). Control variables included modernity, percentage of rice paddy, climate demand, latitude, societal tightness, and population density.
Results indicated significant provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi", χ²(473236764,17) = 99874, p < .001. Jiangxi had the highest prevalence at 537 ppm, while Chongqing had the lowest at 2 ppm among the 18 provinces studied. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between the prevalence of "Zhaodi" and clan culture, r(18)=.51, p =.03; r(18) =.70, p =.001. Regression analysis further confirmed that clan culture positively predicts the prevalence of "Zhaodi", β(18)=.51, p = .046.
This study underscores the provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi" and establishes a positive correlation with clan culture. These insights enrich cultural psychology by quantitatively assessing the impact of clan culture, a feat rarely achieved. Furthermore, it highlights the societal implications of the name "Zhaodi" as an indicator of son preference.
Conclusion: This research reveals significant provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi" and establishes a positive correlation between such naming practices and the strength of clan culture.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-11-17
Abstract： The clan is a social organization entity based on blood ties, emphasizing the internal rule of the family. Clan culture is based on blood ties and values the maintenance of relationships among clan members. Being of the same clan and family is the key to identity. Clan concepts include bloodline identity, mutual assistance, filial piety, inheritance, rule of etiquette, and local customs, reflecting the inner beliefs and attitudes of clan members towards the importance and role of the family. Clan concepts and clan culture are interdependent and work together, influencing people's behavior and values, and have a profound impact on the development of modern society.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2023-07-04
Abstract： This study examined executive functions as a mediator of the association between socioeconomic status and children’s academic achievement, using the method of Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM). Based on 34 empirical articles (45, 916 students in total) up to August 2022, we found that executive functions partially mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement, and the indirect effect was significant (b=.094). Partial mediation was also found in the longitudinal subsample. The result of moderator analyses showed that the relationship between executive functions and academic achievement tended to diminish with age, and that the relationship between SES and EF tended to be weaker in boys than in girls.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-06-10
Abstract： Spatial navigation is vital for the survival and reproduction of humans and other animals living in complex environments. Effective spatial representation, also known as the cognitive map, is the basis of efficient spatial navigation. Prototypical properties of the cognitive map include selectivity, flexibility and hierarchy. Several brain regions such as the hippocampus, the scene-selective areas and the prefrontal cortex are involved in the construction of the cognitive map. There are two theoretical contradictions in the representational format of the cognitive map, namely Euclidean map and topological graph, neither of which can fully account for the navigational behavior. Therefore, some researchers had put forward theories to reconcile this controversy such as the labeled map hypothesis, the reference frame network theory, etc. Future researchers are suggested to focus on the dynamic changes of the hierarchical organization during the process of constructing the cognitive map, the expansion of spatial dimensions and categories, and the limitations of the cognitive map.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-05-29
Abstract： Liu and Chen’《the Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age》systematically reviewed the new archeological discoveries within the China. It first introduced e natural environment of China and the relationship between ever-changing ecosystems and human responses and adaptations. Then it summarized the findings of different regions from early Neolithic periods to the end of Shang and the possible explanations why Chinese civilization evolved in this way. Inspired by cultural evolution framework of Henrich, we propose three cultural psychological characteristics which includes associative thinking and respect Oracle and nepotism. Furthermore, we speculate these characteristics is originated and transmitted unintentionally from the Saman-Sorcerer of early sedentary agriculture thriving for their social ranking within the settlement and summarize the evidences of this book and authors’ follow-up works.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-05-15
Abstract： During the development, the structure and functions of the visual system can be affected by visual experiences and environments. This is called visual plasticity which is most prominent during the critical period of development after birth. Although the structures and functions of neural circuits tend to be stable in adult visual cortex, mounting evidence has shown that adult visual cortex still retains a certain degree of plasticity, including ocular dominance plasticity. In recent decades, it has been found that perceptual ocular dominance in adults can be biased by adjusting the input information or attentional allocation between the two eyes. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these different types of ocular dominance plasticity may have multiple origins. Monocular deprivation due to imbalanced visual inputs may be accounted for by the homeostatic plasticity mechanism of the visual cortex. However, the shift of ocular dominance caused by imbalanced attentional allocations between the two eyes reflects the feedbacks from higher cortical sites, which is currently explained by the adaptation of ocular opponency neurons. Future studies may provide more direct evidence for the ocular-opponency-neuron account and explore the likely interactions between attention and visual input that reshape ocular dominance.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-04-12
Abstract： Owing to its advantages in time resolution, electroencephalography (EEG) provides an important basis for studying the dynamic cognitive process of the human brain. To explore the electrophysiological mechanism of psychological processes, scalp EEG must have good test-retest reliability. Most studies explore the reliability of the resting-state EEG (rsEEG) or event-related potentials (ERP), lacking a comprehensive comparison of multiple states. We comprehensively compared the test-retest reliability of the two rsEEG with eyes-open (EO) and eyes-close (EC) states, and the ERPs of PVT and oddball tasks, from frequency, time, and spatial domains to identify more widely applicable indicators. A total of 42 healthy adults (age range = 18–26 years old; mean = 19.5 ± 1.4 years old; 14 males) underwent all three EEG recording sessions, including the present (Session 1), 90 mins later (Session 2), and one month later (Session 3). During each EEG recording session, all the participants completed the same five states including two resting states (eyes-open, eyes-closed, each with 5 minutes) and two task states (PVT and oddball task). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the five states. This study compares and analyses the test-retest reliability of two resting-state and three task-state EEG from the perspectives of time, frequency, and spatial domains. Results revealed the following: (1) The test-retest reliability of rsEEG was generally better than that of ERP. (2) For rsEEG, the test-retest reliability of the EC resting-state was higher than that of the EO, with the ICC median value of approximately 0.6. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability of the alpha band was the highest in all frequency bands. (3) For the two task-states ERP, the overall ICC of the PVT paradigm was higher than that of the oddball paradigm, and the test-retest reliability was highest at about 200 ms after the stimulus onsets. (4) In the spatial domain, the test-retest reliability is higher in the central region than in the peripheral region, which may be related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our research involves multiple resting-state and task-state experiments. Based on the characteristics of frequency, time, and space domains, we comprehensively compared the optimal retest characteristics of multiple EEG and suggest the possible reasons. Some suggestions for the selection of appropriate experimental paradigms and indicators for the follow-up study of EEG test-retest reliability are provided and guide the application of EEG in the basic and clinical field.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Facial attractiveness is of particular relevance to evolution. Facial attractiveness can be perceived rapidly and subsequently pose large impacts on other cognitive processes. Researchers have done a lot of behavioral and neural studies on the roles of facial attractiveness from the perspectives of attention, temporal perception, learning, memory, and decision-making over recent years. The discrepancies in past research mainly focused on the different behavioral and neural responses evoked by facial attractiveness in similar experimental tasks. There are also several extensible aspects in this line of research, such as the topics, technical methods and materials. Future fMRI studies are needed to further explore the neural mechanisms of how facial attractiveness influences cognition.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2022-11-07
Abstract： With the integrated development of big data technology and cultural psychology, computational cultural psychology came into being as a novel interdisciplinary research field, which makes large-scale cultural analysis possible. The key variables of computational cultural psychology are mainly about individualism and collectivism, and the big data technologies (e.g., feature dictionaries, machine learning, social networks analysis, and simulation) have been used to analyze the cultural change effect from the temporal perspective and cultural geography effect from the spatial perspective. It should be noted that there are several limitations in Computational Cultural Psychology, including decoding distortion, sample bias, semasiological variation, and privacy risk, although new method and paradigm are provided. In future directions, theoretical interpretation of variables, cultural dynamics, interdisciplinary integration, and ecological validity should be seriously concerned.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2022-09-29
Abstract： Insufficient behavior control in patients with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is closely related to decision impulsivity, which is regulated by medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). mPFC and NAc is involved in the regulation of decision-making process and impulsivity, and the structure and function of mPFC and NAc are abnormal in ADHD. The relationship between the functional coupling of mPFC-NAc circuit and abnormal decision impulsivity in ADHD is still under debate, abnormality of this circuit may provide explanations to the neural mechanism underlying ADHD. Wistar (WIS) rats and ADHD rats (SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat) were used as subjects of this study. We recorded the local field potential (LFP) of mPFC and NAc using multi-channel electrophysiology during a delay discounting task (DDT). We further analyzed the coherence difference of Theta (4~12Hz) oscillation in expectation period (0~3s) and compared this measure between the two groups. Results: (1) SHR rats had higher decision impulsivity level than WIS group. Power spectral density between 7~9Hz of LFP in mPFC and NAc increased in both groups. (2) When choosing large/delayed rewards, coherence of mPFC-NAc activity increased compared to small/immediate rewards in WIS group. This indicates the mPFC-NAc circuit involves in decision impulsivity. (3) When choosing large/delayed rewards, mPFC-NAc activity in SHR group showed lower coherence than WIS group, indicating SHR rats have weaker mPFC-NAc functional connections. (4) Coherence of mPFC-NAc activity is higher during initial choice behavioral than continuous choice behavior. It indicated that stronger mPFC-NAc functional connections are required during controlled information processing which is dominant in initial choice behavioral, while automatic processing is dominant in continuous choice behavior. Coherence of mPFC-NAc activity is higher in WIS group than WIS group when choosing large/immediate rewards. It indicated that the decision impulsivity deficits in SHR rats results from mPFC-NAc weak functional connections. (5) Coherence of mPFC-NAc activity is higher in shift trials than continuous trials. Plus, WIS group showed an overall higher coherence than SHR group. This indicated that mPFC-NAc circuit heavily involves in controlled information processing, and SHR group has deficiency of this process. (6) Regression analysis showed that coherence difference of mPFC-NAc activity in prediction period has positive correlation with delayed large reward selection rate in WIS group, that is, the more coherence of mPFC-NAc Theta activity increased during prediction period, the less decision impulsivity WIS rats behaved during choice period. However, the coherence difference cannot predict decision impulsivity in SHR group. Conclusion: mPFC-NAc heavily involves in decision impulsivity. Increase of coherence of mPFC-NAc theta oscillation in prediction period can predict impulsivity level. Decision impulsivity in ADHD as a consequence of the dysfunction, is caused by a weak mPFC-NAc functional connection.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-07-11
Abstract： Motivation is crucial to behavior. Motivation can be classified as extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Adolescence is a critical period of memory and a special period of motivation development. However, the investigation of how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation impact memory is on the start stage. It remains unclear whether the rules and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’ impact on memory are common or specific and how the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation interacts with each other to impact memory. This proposed project will combine the cognitive paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging technology to investigate how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation separately influences and interacts with each other to influence adolescents’ memory. These evidences will comprehensively and significantly advance our understanding of the unique laws and mechanisms of how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation affect memory in adolescents, and provide scientific evidence for how to improve the motivation and memory in adolescents.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2022-01-17
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Other Disciplines of Biology submitted time 2021-08-11
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Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-07-25
Abstract： Personal identification（PI）was defined as “perceived oneness with another individual, where one defines oneself in terms of the others”. Research shows that PI in organizations has substantial connection with work performance，work satisfaction and other work-related outcomes. Drawing from the extent literature，this paper counters former deficiency in the study for its dynamically construct and development in organizations，and divides PI in organizations into two different types，named one-way and both-way personal identification，and further constructs its specific function mechanism under the influence of various leadership and interaction between colleagues. After the development of such a process framework，this paper gives some future prospects for its improvement.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-05-16
Abstract： Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions and, through them, events in the external world when performing voluntary actions. Intention of action and sensory feedback are two core components that constitute the sense of agency. However, the cognitive neural mechanism underlying the influence of these two components on SoA is unclear. We propose to explore the feedforward effect of action intention and the feedback effect of sensory feedback on SoA. The magnetoencephalography technology, which is of high temporal and spatial resolution, is employed to extract the time-space characteristics of sense of agency at the fronto-parietal network in both the time windows of action-outcome and after-outcome. The elucidation of this cognitive neural mechanism of SoA will contribute to our understanding of the generation and aftereffects of human actions; furthermore, it will provide implications for the demarcation of behavioral responsibilities in moral and legal settings, and for the clinical diagnoses of related mental diseases. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2020-11-12
Abstract： Creativity is an interwoven system, encompassing individuals, groups, society, culture, etc. Since creativity is a system, the cultivation of creativity should also be systematic. We integrated some creativity-relevant theories to generate practical advice on the challenges of supporting creativity within the classroom. Based on earlier research on creativity, we put forth the “Butterfly Theory of Nurturing Creativity” to give a bird’s eye view of nurturing creativity. In this theory, the core and premise of being creative are to have creative impulses or creative dynamics (i.e., dynamic systems). We summarized the conditions supporting the dynamic systems into “two forewings” named capability and vitality (i.e., the support system). At the level of capability, creativity calls for general cognitive ability, multimethod enlightenment, attention to metacognition, and efficient knowledge information management. At the level of vitality, creative dynamics also relies on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, the healthy development of personal traits, and reasonably supportive social interaction in an inclusively social and cultural environment. Besides, if an individual wants to fly freely in a creative life, he also needs “two hindwings” (conducting daily creative thinking and problem solving; forming creative habits and a creative personality) that are constantly improved in daily life to adjust the balance (i.e., regulating system). People who are creative show motivation to make novel and appropriate products for their domains of interest. Creativity cannot be taught unless teachers find ways to intrigue their students’ creative impulses. Intrinsic motivation, like interest, is the greatest autonomous motivator. The key topics of this paper are to find what the essence of interest or fun is and how to raise it. Combining theory with practice, this paper also shows a general way to activate fun or interest in the classroom.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-11-05
Abstract： Modeling psychological indexes (i.e., psych-modeling) is an emerging method that uses machine learning algorithms to identify psychological indexes based on big data. This paper reviews the feasibility of psych-modeling methods based on social media data in the field of psychometrics. Frequently used data types and machine learning algorithms are introduced. Then, we summarize psych-modeling’s application to various scenarios together with its strengths and weaknesses. Compared with traditional self-reporting methods, psych-modeling has some advantages, including better performance in retrospective studies, greater ecological validity, and greater time-efficiency. However, psych-modeling has several limitations. For example, researchers need to spend extra time and effort to learn this new method and bear the inevitable cost of hardware. In future studies, researchers could investigate further how user’s behavior on social media relates to psychological indexes. We also expect psych-modeling will be used in future psychological studies. By combining psychometrics and machine learning, we believe psych-modeling could make great contributions to psychology research and practice in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-09-08
Abstract： Musical tension is the basis of musical listening. In this study, we calculated tension values based on Tonal Tension Model and conducted behavioral experiment to explore the influence of tonal structure on tension experience in sonata compositions by Mozart and Beethoven. The sonata form is composed of three parts: exposition, development and recapitulation. Our results revealed that both of the tension values and tension experience in development were higher than that in exposition and recapitulation, and higher in recapitulation than in exposition. This might be due to the differences of the distance and frequency on tonal modulations in the three parts. Our study investigated the influence of tonal structure on musical tension in large-scale music works, providing evidence and new perspectives for the study of musicology. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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